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Gemir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to groan, moan, wail”.
Below are all of the conjugations for gemir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to groan, moan, wail |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | gemir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está gimiendo) and past continuous (estaba gimiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. groaned).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he groaned and hubiera groaned. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have groaning).
| Gerundio / Gerund | gimiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | groaned |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I groan” or “they groan”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gimo |
| Tú | gimes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gime |
| Nosotros / as | gemimos |
| Vosotros / as | gemís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gimen |
| Vos | gemís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I groan” or “she groan” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gemí | I groan |
| Tú | gemiste | You groan |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gimió | He / she / you groan |
| Nosotros / as | gemimos | We groan |
| Vosotros / as | gemisteis | You groan |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gimieron | They / you groan |
| Vos | gemiste | You groan |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was groaned” or “she was groaned” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gemía | I was groaned |
| Tú | gemías | You were groaned |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gemía | He was / she was / you were groaned |
| Nosotros / as | gemíamos | We were groaned |
| Vosotros / as | gemíais | You were groaned |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gemían | They / you were groaned |
| Vos | gemías | You were groaned |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have groaning” and “she has groaning”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he groaned | I have groaning |
| Tú | has groaned | You have groaning |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha groaned | He has / she has / you have groaning |
| Nosotros / as | hemos groaned | We have groaning |
| Vosotros / as | habéis groaned | You have groaning |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han groaned | They / you have groaning |
| Vos | has groaned | You have groaning |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would groan” or “she would groan”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gemiría | I would groan |
| Tú | gemirías | You would groan |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gemiría | He / she / you would groan |
| Nosotros / as | gemiríamos | We would groan |
| Vosotros / as | gemiríais | You would groan |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gemirían | They / you would groan |
| Vos | gemirías | You would groan |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will groan” or “they will groan”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a gemir” means “They are going to groan”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gemiré | I will groan |
| Tú | gemirás | You will groan |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gemirá | He / she / you will groan |
| Nosotros / as | gemiremos | We will groan |
| Vosotros / as | gemiréis | You will groan |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gemirán | They / you will groan |
| Vos | gemirás | You will groan |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gima |
| Tú | gimas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gima |
| Nosotros / as | gimamos |
| Vosotros / as | gimáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | giman |
| Vos | gimas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | gimiera | gimiese |
| Tú | gimieras | gimiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gimiera | gimiese |
| Nosotros / as | gimiéramos | gimiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | gimierais | gimieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gimieran | gimiesen |
| Vos | gimieras | gimiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | gimiere |
| Tú | gimieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gimiera |
| Nosotros / as | gimiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | gimiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | gimieren |
| Vos | gimieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “groan!” and “don’t groan!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | gime | no gimas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | gima | no gima |
| Nosotros / as | gimamos | no gimamos |
| Vosotros / as | gemid | no gimáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | giman | no giman |
| Vos | gemí | no gimas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya groaned |
| Tú | hayas groaned |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya groaned |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos groaned |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis groaned |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan groaned |
| Vos | hayas groaned |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera groaned / hubiese groaned |
| Tú | hubieras groaned / hubieses groaned |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera groaned / hubiese groaned |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos groaned / hubiésemos groaned |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais groaned / hubieseis groaned |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran groaned / hubiesen groaned |
| Vos | hubieras groaned / hubieses groaned |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere groaned |
| Tú | hubieres groaned |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere groaned |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos groaned |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis groaned |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren groaned |
| Vos | hubieres groaned |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté gimiendo |
| Tú | estés gimiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté gimiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos gimiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis gimiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén gimiendo |
| Vos | estés gimiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera gimiendo / estuviese gimiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras gimiendo / estuvieses gimiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera gimiendo / estuviese gimiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos gimiendo / estuviésamos gimiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais gimiendo / estuvieseis gimiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera gimiendo / estuviese gimiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras gimiendo / estuvieses gimiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere gimiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres gimiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere gimiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos gimiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis gimiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere gimiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres gimiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos gemís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos gemiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos gemías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos gemirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos gemirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos gimas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos gimieras / Vos gimiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos gemí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no gimas |