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Hojear is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to skim through a book, a magazine”.
Below are all of the conjugations for hojear in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to skim through a book, a magazine |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | hojear |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está hojeando) and past continuous (estaba hojeando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. skimmed through a book).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he skimmed through a book and hubiera skimmed through a book. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have skimming through a book).
| Gerundio / Gerund | hojeando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | skimmed through a book |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I skim through a book” or “they skim through a book”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hojeo |
| Tú | hojeas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hojea |
| Nosotros / as | hojeamos |
| Vosotros / as | hojeáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hojean |
| Vos | hojeás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I skim through a book” or “she skim through a book” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hojeé | I skim through a book |
| Tú | hojeaste | You skim through a book |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hojeó | He / she / you skim through a book |
| Nosotros / as | hojeamos | We skim through a book |
| Vosotros / as | hojeasteis | You skim through a book |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hojearon | They / you skim through a book |
| Vos | hojeaste | You skim through a book |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was skimmed through a book” or “she was skimmed through a book” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hojeaba | I was skimmed through a book |
| Tú | hojeabas | You were skimmed through a book |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hojeaba | He was / she was / you were skimmed through a book |
| Nosotros / as | hojeábamos | We were skimmed through a book |
| Vosotros / as | hojeabais | You were skimmed through a book |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hojeaban | They / you were skimmed through a book |
| Vos | hojeabas | You were skimmed through a book |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have skimming through a book” and “she has skimming through a book”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he skimmed through a book | I have skimming through a book |
| Tú | has skimmed through a book | You have skimming through a book |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha skimmed through a book | He has / she has / you have skimming through a book |
| Nosotros / as | hemos skimmed through a book | We have skimming through a book |
| Vosotros / as | habéis skimmed through a book | You have skimming through a book |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han skimmed through a book | They / you have skimming through a book |
| Vos | has skimmed through a book | You have skimming through a book |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would skim through a book” or “she would skim through a book”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hojearía | I would skim through a book |
| Tú | hojearías | You would skim through a book |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hojearía | He / she / you would skim through a book |
| Nosotros / as | hojearíamos | We would skim through a book |
| Vosotros / as | hojearíais | You would skim through a book |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hojearían | They / you would skim through a book |
| Vos | hojearías | You would skim through a book |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will skim through a book” or “they will skim through a book”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a hojear” means “They are going to skim through a book”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hojearé | I will skim through a book |
| Tú | hojearás | You will skim through a book |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hojeará | He / she / you will skim through a book |
| Nosotros / as | hojearemos | We will skim through a book |
| Vosotros / as | hojearéis | You will skim through a book |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hojearán | They / you will skim through a book |
| Vos | hojearás | You will skim through a book |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hojee |
| Tú | hojees |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hojee |
| Nosotros / as | hojeemos |
| Vosotros / as | hojeéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hojeen |
| Vos | hojees |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hojeara | hojease |
| Tú | hojearas | hojease |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hojeara | hojease |
| Nosotros / as | hojeáramos | hojeásemos |
| Vosotros / as | hojearais | hojeaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hojearan | hojeasen |
| Vos | hojearas | hojease |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hojeare |
| Tú | hojeares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hojeare |
| Nosotros / as | hojeáremos |
| Vosotros / as | hojeareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hojearen |
| Vos | hojeares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “skim through a book!” and “don’t skim through a book!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | hojea | no hojees |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hojee | no hojee |
| Nosotros / as | hojeemos | no hojeemos |
| Vosotros / as | hojead | no hojeéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hojeen | no hojeen |
| Vos | hojeá | no hojees |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya skimmed through a book |
| Tú | hayas skimmed through a book |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya skimmed through a book |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos skimmed through a book |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis skimmed through a book |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan skimmed through a book |
| Vos | hayas skimmed through a book |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera skimmed through a book / hubiese skimmed through a book |
| Tú | hubieras skimmed through a book / hubieses skimmed through a book |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera skimmed through a book / hubiese skimmed through a book |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos skimmed through a book / hubiésemos skimmed through a book |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais skimmed through a book / hubieseis skimmed through a book |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran skimmed through a book / hubiesen skimmed through a book |
| Vos | hubieras skimmed through a book / hubieses skimmed through a book |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere skimmed through a book |
| Tú | hubieres skimmed through a book |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere skimmed through a book |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos skimmed through a book |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis skimmed through a book |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren skimmed through a book |
| Vos | hubieres skimmed through a book |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté hojeando |
| Tú | estés hojeando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté hojeando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos hojeando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis hojeando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén hojeando |
| Vos | estés hojeando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera hojeando / estuviese hojeando |
| Tú | estuvieras hojeando / estuvieses hojeando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera hojeando / estuviese hojeando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos hojeando / estuviésamos hojeando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais hojeando / estuvieseis hojeando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera hojeando / estuviese hojeando |
| Vos | estuvieras hojeando / estuvieses hojeando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere hojeando |
| Tú | estuvieres hojeando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere hojeando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos hojeando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis hojeando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere hojeando |
| Vos | estuvieres hojeando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos hojeás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos hojeaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos hojeabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos hojearías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos hojearás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos hojees |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos hojearas / Vos hojease |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos hojeá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no hojees |