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Hundir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to sink, submerge, overwhelm”.
Below are all of the conjugations for hundir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to sink, submerge, overwhelm |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | hundir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está hundiendo) and past continuous (estaba hundiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. sank).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he sunk and hubiera sunk. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have sinking).
| Gerundio / Gerund | hundiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | sunk |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I sink” or “they sink”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hundo |
| Tú | hundes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hunde |
| Nosotros / as | hundimos |
| Vosotros / as | hundís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hunden |
| Vos | hundís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I sink” or “she sink” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hundí | I sink |
| Tú | hundiste | You sink |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hundió | He / she / you sink |
| Nosotros / as | hundimos | We sink |
| Vosotros / as | hundisteis | You sink |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hundieron | They / you sink |
| Vos | hundiste | You sink |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was sank” or “she was sank” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hundía | I was sank |
| Tú | hundías | You were sank |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hundía | He was / she was / you were sank |
| Nosotros / as | hundíamos | We were sank |
| Vosotros / as | hundíais | You were sank |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hundían | They / you were sank |
| Vos | hundías | You were sank |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have sinking” and “she has sinking”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he sunk | I have sinking |
| Tú | has sunk | You have sinking |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha sunk | He has / she has / you have sinking |
| Nosotros / as | hemos sunk | We have sinking |
| Vosotros / as | habéis sunk | You have sinking |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han sunk | They / you have sinking |
| Vos | has sunk | You have sinking |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would sink” or “she would sink”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hundiría | I would sink |
| Tú | hundirías | You would sink |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hundiría | He / she / you would sink |
| Nosotros / as | hundiríamos | We would sink |
| Vosotros / as | hundiríais | You would sink |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hundirían | They / you would sink |
| Vos | hundirías | You would sink |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will sink” or “they will sink”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a hundir” means “They are going to sink”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hundiré | I will sink |
| Tú | hundirás | You will sink |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hundirá | He / she / you will sink |
| Nosotros / as | hundiremos | We will sink |
| Vosotros / as | hundiréis | You will sink |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hundirán | They / you will sink |
| Vos | hundirás | You will sink |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hunda |
| Tú | hundas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hunda |
| Nosotros / as | hundamos |
| Vosotros / as | hundáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hundan |
| Vos | hundas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | hundiera | hundiese |
| Tú | hundieras | hundiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hundiera | hundiese |
| Nosotros / as | hundiéramos | hundiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | hundierais | hundieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hundieran | hundiesen |
| Vos | hundieras | hundiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hundiere |
| Tú | hundieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hundiera |
| Nosotros / as | hundiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | hundiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hundieren |
| Vos | hundieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “sink!” and “don’t sink!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | hunde | no hundas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hunda | no hunda |
| Nosotros / as | hundamos | no hundamos |
| Vosotros / as | hundid | no hundáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hundan | no hundan |
| Vos | hundí | no hundas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya sunk |
| Tú | hayas sunk |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya sunk |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos sunk |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis sunk |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan sunk |
| Vos | hayas sunk |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera sunk / hubiese sunk |
| Tú | hubieras sunk / hubieses sunk |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera sunk / hubiese sunk |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos sunk / hubiésemos sunk |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais sunk / hubieseis sunk |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran sunk / hubiesen sunk |
| Vos | hubieras sunk / hubieses sunk |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere sunk |
| Tú | hubieres sunk |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere sunk |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos sunk |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis sunk |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren sunk |
| Vos | hubieres sunk |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté hundiendo |
| Tú | estés hundiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté hundiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos hundiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis hundiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén hundiendo |
| Vos | estés hundiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera hundiendo / estuviese hundiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras hundiendo / estuvieses hundiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera hundiendo / estuviese hundiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos hundiendo / estuviésamos hundiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais hundiendo / estuvieseis hundiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera hundiendo / estuviese hundiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras hundiendo / estuvieses hundiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere hundiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres hundiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere hundiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos hundiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis hundiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere hundiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres hundiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos hundís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos hundiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos hundías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos hundirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos hundirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos hundas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos hundieras / Vos hundiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos hundí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no hundas |