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Ilustrar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to illustrate, draw”.
Below are all of the conjugations for ilustrar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to illustrate, draw |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | ilustrar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está ilustrando) and past continuous (estaba ilustrando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. illustrated).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he illustrated and hubiera illustrated. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have illustrating).
| Gerundio / Gerund | ilustrando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | illustrated |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I illustrate” or “they illustrate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ilustro |
| Tú | ilustras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ilustra |
| Nosotros / as | ilustramos |
| Vosotros / as | ilustráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ilustran |
| Vos | ilustrás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I illustrate” or “she illustrate” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ilustré | I illustrate |
| Tú | ilustraste | You illustrate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ilustró | He / she / you illustrate |
| Nosotros / as | ilustramos | We illustrate |
| Vosotros / as | ilustrasteis | You illustrate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ilustraron | They / you illustrate |
| Vos | ilustraste | You illustrate |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was illustrated” or “she was illustrated” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ilustraba | I was illustrated |
| Tú | ilustrabas | You were illustrated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ilustraba | He was / she was / you were illustrated |
| Nosotros / as | ilustrábamos | We were illustrated |
| Vosotros / as | ilustrabais | You were illustrated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ilustraban | They / you were illustrated |
| Vos | ilustrabas | You were illustrated |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have illustrating” and “she has illustrating”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he illustrated | I have illustrating |
| Tú | has illustrated | You have illustrating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha illustrated | He has / she has / you have illustrating |
| Nosotros / as | hemos illustrated | We have illustrating |
| Vosotros / as | habéis illustrated | You have illustrating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han illustrated | They / you have illustrating |
| Vos | has illustrated | You have illustrating |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would illustrate” or “she would illustrate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ilustraría | I would illustrate |
| Tú | ilustrarías | You would illustrate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ilustraría | He / she / you would illustrate |
| Nosotros / as | ilustraríamos | We would illustrate |
| Vosotros / as | ilustraríais | You would illustrate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ilustrarían | They / you would illustrate |
| Vos | ilustrarías | You would illustrate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will illustrate” or “they will illustrate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a ilustrar” means “They are going to illustrate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ilustraré | I will illustrate |
| Tú | ilustrarás | You will illustrate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ilustrará | He / she / you will illustrate |
| Nosotros / as | ilustraremos | We will illustrate |
| Vosotros / as | ilustraréis | You will illustrate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ilustrarán | They / you will illustrate |
| Vos | ilustrarás | You will illustrate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ilustre |
| Tú | ilustres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ilustre |
| Nosotros / as | ilustremos |
| Vosotros / as | ilustréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ilustren |
| Vos | ilustres |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ilustrara | ilustrase |
| Tú | ilustraras | ilustrase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ilustrara | ilustrase |
| Nosotros / as | ilustráramos | ilustrásemos |
| Vosotros / as | ilustrarais | ilustraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ilustraran | ilustrasen |
| Vos | ilustraras | ilustrase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ilustrare |
| Tú | ilustrares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ilustrare |
| Nosotros / as | ilustráremos |
| Vosotros / as | ilustrareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ilustraren |
| Vos | ilustrares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “illustrate!” and “don’t illustrate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | ilustra | no ilustres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ilustre | no ilustre |
| Nosotros / as | ilustremos | no ilustremos |
| Vosotros / as | ilustrad | no ilustréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ilustren | no ilustren |
| Vos | ilustrá | no ilustres |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya illustrated |
| Tú | hayas illustrated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya illustrated |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos illustrated |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis illustrated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan illustrated |
| Vos | hayas illustrated |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera illustrated / hubiese illustrated |
| Tú | hubieras illustrated / hubieses illustrated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera illustrated / hubiese illustrated |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos illustrated / hubiésemos illustrated |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais illustrated / hubieseis illustrated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran illustrated / hubiesen illustrated |
| Vos | hubieras illustrated / hubieses illustrated |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere illustrated |
| Tú | hubieres illustrated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere illustrated |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos illustrated |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis illustrated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren illustrated |
| Vos | hubieres illustrated |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté ilustrando |
| Tú | estés ilustrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté ilustrando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos ilustrando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis ilustrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén ilustrando |
| Vos | estés ilustrando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera ilustrando / estuviese ilustrando |
| Tú | estuvieras ilustrando / estuvieses ilustrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera ilustrando / estuviese ilustrando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos ilustrando / estuviésamos ilustrando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais ilustrando / estuvieseis ilustrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera ilustrando / estuviese ilustrando |
| Vos | estuvieras ilustrando / estuvieses ilustrando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere ilustrando |
| Tú | estuvieres ilustrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere ilustrando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos ilustrando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis ilustrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere ilustrando |
| Vos | estuvieres ilustrando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos ilustrás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos ilustraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos ilustrabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos ilustrarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos ilustrarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos ilustres |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos ilustraras / Vos ilustrase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos ilustrá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no ilustres |