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Inclinar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to incline, be inclined to”.
Below are all of the conjugations for inclinar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to incline, be inclined to |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | inclinar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está inclinando) and past continuous (estaba inclinando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. inclining).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he inclinado and hubiera inclinado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have inclined).
| Gerundio / Gerund | inclinando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | inclinado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I incline” or “they incline”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inclino |
| Tú | inclinas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inclina |
| Nosotros / as | inclinamos |
| Vosotros / as | inclináis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inclinan |
| Vos | inclinás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I inclined” or “she inclined” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incliné | I inclined |
| Tú | inclinaste | You inclined |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inclinó | He / she / you inclined |
| Nosotros / as | inclinamos | We inclined |
| Vosotros / as | inclinasteis | You inclined |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inclinaron | They / you inclined |
| Vos | inclinaste | You inclined |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was inclining” or “she was inclining” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inclinaba | I was inclining |
| Tú | inclinabas | You were inclining |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inclinaba | He was / she was / you were inclining |
| Nosotros / as | inclinábamos | We were inclining |
| Vosotros / as | inclinabais | You were inclining |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inclinaban | They / you were inclining |
| Vos | inclinabas | You were inclining |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have inclined” and “she has inclined”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he inclinado | I have inclined |
| Tú | has inclinado | You have inclined |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha inclinado | He has / she has / you have inclined |
| Nosotros / as | hemos inclinado | We have inclined |
| Vosotros / as | habéis inclinado | You have inclined |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han inclinado | They / you have inclined |
| Vos | has inclinado | You have inclined |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would incline” or “she would incline”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inclinaría | I would incline |
| Tú | inclinarías | You would incline |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inclinaría | He / she / you would incline |
| Nosotros / as | inclinaríamos | We would incline |
| Vosotros / as | inclinaríais | You would incline |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inclinarían | They / you would incline |
| Vos | inclinarías | You would incline |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will incline” or “they will incline”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a inclinar” means “They are going to incline”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inclinaré | I will incline |
| Tú | inclinarás | You will incline |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inclinará | He / she / you will incline |
| Nosotros / as | inclinaremos | We will incline |
| Vosotros / as | inclinaréis | You will incline |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inclinarán | They / you will incline |
| Vos | inclinarás | You will incline |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | incline |
| Tú | inclines |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incline |
| Nosotros / as | inclinemos |
| Vosotros / as | inclinéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inclinen |
| Vos | inclines |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inclinara | inclinase |
| Tú | inclinaras | inclinase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inclinara | inclinase |
| Nosotros / as | inclináramos | inclinásemos |
| Vosotros / as | inclinarais | inclinaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inclinaran | inclinasen |
| Vos | inclinaras | inclinase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inclinare |
| Tú | inclinares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inclinare |
| Nosotros / as | inclináremos |
| Vosotros / as | inclinareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inclinaren |
| Vos | inclinares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “incline!” and “don’t incline!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | inclina | no inclines |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incline | no incline |
| Nosotros / as | inclinemos | no inclinemos |
| Vosotros / as | inclinad | no inclinéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inclinen | no inclinen |
| Vos | incliná | no inclines |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya inclinado |
| Tú | hayas inclinado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya inclinado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos inclinado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis inclinado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan inclinado |
| Vos | hayas inclinado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera inclinado / hubiese inclinado |
| Tú | hubieras inclinado / hubieses inclinado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera inclinado / hubiese inclinado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos inclinado / hubiésemos inclinado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais inclinado / hubieseis inclinado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran inclinado / hubiesen inclinado |
| Vos | hubieras inclinado / hubieses inclinado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere inclinado |
| Tú | hubieres inclinado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere inclinado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos inclinado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis inclinado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren inclinado |
| Vos | hubieres inclinado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté inclinando |
| Tú | estés inclinando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté inclinando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos inclinando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis inclinando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén inclinando |
| Vos | estés inclinando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera inclinando / estuviese inclinando |
| Tú | estuvieras inclinando / estuvieses inclinando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera inclinando / estuviese inclinando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos inclinando / estuviésamos inclinando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais inclinando / estuvieseis inclinando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera inclinando / estuviese inclinando |
| Vos | estuvieras inclinando / estuvieses inclinando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere inclinando |
| Tú | estuvieres inclinando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere inclinando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos inclinando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis inclinando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere inclinando |
| Vos | estuvieres inclinando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos inclinás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos inclinaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos inclinabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos inclinarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos inclinarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos inclines |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos inclinaras / Vos inclinase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos incliná |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no inclines |