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Incrustar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to inlay, encrust”.
Below are all of the conjugations for incrustar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to inlay, encrust |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | incrustar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está incrustando) and past continuous (estaba incrustando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. encrusting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he incrustado and hubiera incrustado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have encrusted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | incrustando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | incrustado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I encrust” or “they encrust”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | incrusto |
| Tú | incrustas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incrusta |
| Nosotros / as | incrustamos |
| Vosotros / as | incrustáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incrustan |
| Vos | incrustás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I encrusted” or “she encrusted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incrusté | I encrusted |
| Tú | incrustaste | You encrusted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incrustó | He / she / you encrusted |
| Nosotros / as | incrustamos | We encrusted |
| Vosotros / as | incrustasteis | You encrusted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incrustaron | They / you encrusted |
| Vos | incrustaste | You encrusted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was encrusting” or “she was encrusting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incrustaba | I was encrusting |
| Tú | incrustabas | You were encrusting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incrustaba | He was / she was / you were encrusting |
| Nosotros / as | incrustábamos | We were encrusting |
| Vosotros / as | incrustabais | You were encrusting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incrustaban | They / you were encrusting |
| Vos | incrustabas | You were encrusting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have encrusted” and “she has encrusted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he incrustado | I have encrusted |
| Tú | has incrustado | You have encrusted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha incrustado | He has / she has / you have encrusted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos incrustado | We have encrusted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis incrustado | You have encrusted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han incrustado | They / you have encrusted |
| Vos | has incrustado | You have encrusted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would encrust” or “she would encrust”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incrustaría | I would encrust |
| Tú | incrustarías | You would encrust |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incrustaría | He / she / you would encrust |
| Nosotros / as | incrustaríamos | We would encrust |
| Vosotros / as | incrustaríais | You would encrust |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incrustarían | They / you would encrust |
| Vos | incrustarías | You would encrust |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will encrust” or “they will encrust”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a incrustar” means “They are going to encrust”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incrustaré | I will encrust |
| Tú | incrustarás | You will encrust |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incrustará | He / she / you will encrust |
| Nosotros / as | incrustaremos | We will encrust |
| Vosotros / as | incrustaréis | You will encrust |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incrustarán | They / you will encrust |
| Vos | incrustarás | You will encrust |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | incruste |
| Tú | incrustes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incruste |
| Nosotros / as | incrustemos |
| Vosotros / as | incrustéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incrusten |
| Vos | incrustes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | incrustara | incrustase |
| Tú | incrustaras | incrustase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incrustara | incrustase |
| Nosotros / as | incrustáramos | incrustásemos |
| Vosotros / as | incrustarais | incrustaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incrustaran | incrustasen |
| Vos | incrustaras | incrustase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | incrustare |
| Tú | incrustares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incrustare |
| Nosotros / as | incrustáremos |
| Vosotros / as | incrustareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incrustaren |
| Vos | incrustares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “encrust!” and “don’t encrust!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | incrusta | no incrustes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | incruste | no incruste |
| Nosotros / as | incrustemos | no incrustemos |
| Vosotros / as | incrustad | no incrustéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | incrusten | no incrusten |
| Vos | incrustá | no incrustes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya incrustado |
| Tú | hayas incrustado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya incrustado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos incrustado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis incrustado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan incrustado |
| Vos | hayas incrustado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera incrustado / hubiese incrustado |
| Tú | hubieras incrustado / hubieses incrustado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera incrustado / hubiese incrustado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos incrustado / hubiésemos incrustado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais incrustado / hubieseis incrustado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran incrustado / hubiesen incrustado |
| Vos | hubieras incrustado / hubieses incrustado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere incrustado |
| Tú | hubieres incrustado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere incrustado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos incrustado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis incrustado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren incrustado |
| Vos | hubieres incrustado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté incrustando |
| Tú | estés incrustando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté incrustando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos incrustando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis incrustando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén incrustando |
| Vos | estés incrustando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera incrustando / estuviese incrustando |
| Tú | estuvieras incrustando / estuvieses incrustando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera incrustando / estuviese incrustando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos incrustando / estuviésamos incrustando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais incrustando / estuvieseis incrustando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera incrustando / estuviese incrustando |
| Vos | estuvieras incrustando / estuvieses incrustando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere incrustando |
| Tú | estuvieres incrustando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere incrustando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos incrustando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis incrustando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere incrustando |
| Vos | estuvieres incrustando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos incrustás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos incrustaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos incrustabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos incrustarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos incrustarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos incrustes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos incrustaras / Vos incrustase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos incrustá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no incrustes |