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Influir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to influence”.
Below are all of the conjugations for influir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to influence |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | influir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está influyendo) and past continuous (estaba influyendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. influencing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he influido and hubiera influido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have influenced).
| Gerundio / Gerund | influyendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | influido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I influence” or “they influence”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | influyo |
| Tú | influyes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | influye |
| Nosotros / as | influimos |
| Vosotros / as | influís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | influyen |
| Vos | influís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I influenced” or “she influenced” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | influí | I influenced |
| Tú | influiste | You influenced |
| Él / Ella / Usted | influyó | He / she / you influenced |
| Nosotros / as | influimos | We influenced |
| Vosotros / as | influisteis | You influenced |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | influyeron | They / you influenced |
| Vos | influiste | You influenced |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was influencing” or “she was influencing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | influía | I was influencing |
| Tú | influías | You were influencing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | influía | He was / she was / you were influencing |
| Nosotros / as | influíamos | We were influencing |
| Vosotros / as | influíais | You were influencing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | influían | They / you were influencing |
| Vos | influías | You were influencing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have influenced” and “she has influenced”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he influido | I have influenced |
| Tú | has influido | You have influenced |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha influido | He has / she has / you have influenced |
| Nosotros / as | hemos influido | We have influenced |
| Vosotros / as | habéis influido | You have influenced |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han influido | They / you have influenced |
| Vos | has influido | You have influenced |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would influence” or “she would influence”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | influiría | I would influence |
| Tú | influirías | You would influence |
| Él / Ella / Usted | influiría | He / she / you would influence |
| Nosotros / as | influiríamos | We would influence |
| Vosotros / as | influiríais | You would influence |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | influirían | They / you would influence |
| Vos | influirías | You would influence |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will influence” or “they will influence”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a influir” means “They are going to influence”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | influiré | I will influence |
| Tú | influirás | You will influence |
| Él / Ella / Usted | influirá | He / she / you will influence |
| Nosotros / as | influiremos | We will influence |
| Vosotros / as | influiréis | You will influence |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | influirán | They / you will influence |
| Vos | influirás | You will influence |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | influya |
| Tú | influyas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | influya |
| Nosotros / as | influyamos |
| Vosotros / as | influyáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | influyan |
| Vos | influyas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | influyera | influyese |
| Tú | influyeras | influyese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | influyera | influyese |
| Nosotros / as | influyéramos | influyésemos |
| Vosotros / as | influyerais | influyeseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | influyeran | influyesen |
| Vos | influyeras | influyese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | influyere |
| Tú | influyeres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | influyera |
| Nosotros / as | influyéremos |
| Vosotros / as | influyereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | influyeren |
| Vos | influyeres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “influence!” and “don’t influence!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | influye | no influyas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | influya | no influya |
| Nosotros / as | influyamos | no influyamos |
| Vosotros / as | influid | no influyáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | influyan | no influyan |
| Vos | influí | no influyas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya influido |
| Tú | hayas influido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya influido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos influido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis influido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan influido |
| Vos | hayas influido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera influido / hubiese influido |
| Tú | hubieras influido / hubieses influido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera influido / hubiese influido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos influido / hubiésemos influido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais influido / hubieseis influido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran influido / hubiesen influido |
| Vos | hubieras influido / hubieses influido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere influido |
| Tú | hubieres influido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere influido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos influido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis influido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren influido |
| Vos | hubieres influido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté influyendo |
| Tú | estés influyendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté influyendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos influyendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis influyendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén influyendo |
| Vos | estés influyendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera influyendo / estuviese influyendo |
| Tú | estuvieras influyendo / estuvieses influyendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera influyendo / estuviese influyendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos influyendo / estuviésamos influyendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais influyendo / estuvieseis influyendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera influyendo / estuviese influyendo |
| Vos | estuvieras influyendo / estuvieses influyendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere influyendo |
| Tú | estuvieres influyendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere influyendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos influyendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis influyendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere influyendo |
| Vos | estuvieres influyendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos influís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos influiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos influías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos influirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos influirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos influyas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos influyeras / Vos influyese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos influí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no influyas |