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Ingresar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to enroll, register”.
Below are all of the conjugations for ingresar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to enroll, register |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | ingresar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está ingresando) and past continuous (estaba ingresando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. enrolling).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he ingresado and hubiera ingresado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have enrolled).
| Gerundio / Gerund | ingresando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | ingresado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I enroll” or “they enroll”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ingreso |
| Tú | ingresas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ingresa |
| Nosotros / as | ingresamos |
| Vosotros / as | ingresáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ingresan |
| Vos | ingresás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I enrolled” or “she enrolled” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ingresé | I enrolled |
| Tú | ingresaste | You enrolled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ingresó | He / she / you enrolled |
| Nosotros / as | ingresamos | We enrolled |
| Vosotros / as | ingresasteis | You enrolled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ingresaron | They / you enrolled |
| Vos | ingresaste | You enrolled |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was enrolling” or “she was enrolling” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ingresaba | I was enrolling |
| Tú | ingresabas | You were enrolling |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ingresaba | He was / she was / you were enrolling |
| Nosotros / as | ingresábamos | We were enrolling |
| Vosotros / as | ingresabais | You were enrolling |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ingresaban | They / you were enrolling |
| Vos | ingresabas | You were enrolling |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have enrolled” and “she has enrolled”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he ingresado | I have enrolled |
| Tú | has ingresado | You have enrolled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha ingresado | He has / she has / you have enrolled |
| Nosotros / as | hemos ingresado | We have enrolled |
| Vosotros / as | habéis ingresado | You have enrolled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han ingresado | They / you have enrolled |
| Vos | has ingresado | You have enrolled |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would enroll” or “she would enroll”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ingresaría | I would enroll |
| Tú | ingresarías | You would enroll |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ingresaría | He / she / you would enroll |
| Nosotros / as | ingresaríamos | We would enroll |
| Vosotros / as | ingresaríais | You would enroll |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ingresarían | They / you would enroll |
| Vos | ingresarías | You would enroll |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will enroll” or “they will enroll”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a ingresar” means “They are going to enroll”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ingresaré | I will enroll |
| Tú | ingresarás | You will enroll |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ingresará | He / she / you will enroll |
| Nosotros / as | ingresaremos | We will enroll |
| Vosotros / as | ingresaréis | You will enroll |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ingresarán | They / you will enroll |
| Vos | ingresarás | You will enroll |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ingrese |
| Tú | ingreses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ingrese |
| Nosotros / as | ingresemos |
| Vosotros / as | ingreséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ingresen |
| Vos | ingreses |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | ingresara | ingresase |
| Tú | ingresaras | ingresase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ingresara | ingresase |
| Nosotros / as | ingresáramos | ingresásemos |
| Vosotros / as | ingresarais | ingresaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ingresaran | ingresasen |
| Vos | ingresaras | ingresase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | ingresare |
| Tú | ingresares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ingresare |
| Nosotros / as | ingresáremos |
| Vosotros / as | ingresareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ingresaren |
| Vos | ingresares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “enroll!” and “don’t enroll!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | ingresa | no ingreses |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ingrese | no ingrese |
| Nosotros / as | ingresemos | no ingresemos |
| Vosotros / as | ingresad | no ingreséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ingresen | no ingresen |
| Vos | ingresá | no ingreses |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya ingresado |
| Tú | hayas ingresado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya ingresado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos ingresado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis ingresado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan ingresado |
| Vos | hayas ingresado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera ingresado / hubiese ingresado |
| Tú | hubieras ingresado / hubieses ingresado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera ingresado / hubiese ingresado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos ingresado / hubiésemos ingresado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais ingresado / hubieseis ingresado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran ingresado / hubiesen ingresado |
| Vos | hubieras ingresado / hubieses ingresado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere ingresado |
| Tú | hubieres ingresado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere ingresado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos ingresado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis ingresado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren ingresado |
| Vos | hubieres ingresado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté ingresando |
| Tú | estés ingresando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté ingresando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos ingresando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis ingresando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén ingresando |
| Vos | estés ingresando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera ingresando / estuviese ingresando |
| Tú | estuvieras ingresando / estuvieses ingresando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera ingresando / estuviese ingresando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos ingresando / estuviésamos ingresando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais ingresando / estuvieseis ingresando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera ingresando / estuviese ingresando |
| Vos | estuvieras ingresando / estuvieses ingresando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere ingresando |
| Tú | estuvieres ingresando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere ingresando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos ingresando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis ingresando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere ingresando |
| Vos | estuvieres ingresando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos ingresás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos ingresaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos ingresabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos ingresarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos ingresarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos ingreses |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos ingresaras / Vos ingresase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos ingresá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no ingreses |