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Innovar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to innovate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for innovar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to innovate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | innovar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está innovando) and past continuous (estaba innovando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. innovating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he innovado and hubiera innovado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have innovated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | innovando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | innovado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I innovate” or “they innovate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | innovo |
| Tú | innovas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | innova |
| Nosotros / as | innovamos |
| Vosotros / as | innováis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | innovan |
| Vos | innovás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I innovated” or “she innovated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | innové | I innovated |
| Tú | innovaste | You innovated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | innovó | He / she / you innovated |
| Nosotros / as | innovamos | We innovated |
| Vosotros / as | innovasteis | You innovated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | innovaron | They / you innovated |
| Vos | innovaste | You innovated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was innovating” or “she was innovating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | innovaba | I was innovating |
| Tú | innovabas | You were innovating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | innovaba | He was / she was / you were innovating |
| Nosotros / as | innovábamos | We were innovating |
| Vosotros / as | innovabais | You were innovating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | innovaban | They / you were innovating |
| Vos | innovabas | You were innovating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have innovated” and “she has innovated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he innovado | I have innovated |
| Tú | has innovado | You have innovated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha innovado | He has / she has / you have innovated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos innovado | We have innovated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis innovado | You have innovated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han innovado | They / you have innovated |
| Vos | has innovado | You have innovated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would innovate” or “she would innovate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | innovaría | I would innovate |
| Tú | innovarías | You would innovate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | innovaría | He / she / you would innovate |
| Nosotros / as | innovaríamos | We would innovate |
| Vosotros / as | innovaríais | You would innovate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | innovarían | They / you would innovate |
| Vos | innovarías | You would innovate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will innovate” or “they will innovate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a innovar” means “They are going to innovate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | innovaré | I will innovate |
| Tú | innovarás | You will innovate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | innovará | He / she / you will innovate |
| Nosotros / as | innovaremos | We will innovate |
| Vosotros / as | innovaréis | You will innovate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | innovarán | They / you will innovate |
| Vos | innovarás | You will innovate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | innove |
| Tú | innoves |
| Él / Ella / Usted | innove |
| Nosotros / as | innovemos |
| Vosotros / as | innovéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | innoven |
| Vos | innoves |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | innovara | innovase |
| Tú | innovaras | innovase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | innovara | innovase |
| Nosotros / as | innováramos | innovásemos |
| Vosotros / as | innovarais | innovaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | innovaran | innovasen |
| Vos | innovaras | innovase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | innovare |
| Tú | innovares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | innovare |
| Nosotros / as | innováremos |
| Vosotros / as | innovareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | innovaren |
| Vos | innovares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “innovate!” and “don’t innovate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | innova | no innoves |
| Él / Ella / Usted | innove | no innove |
| Nosotros / as | innovemos | no innovemos |
| Vosotros / as | innovad | no innovéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | innoven | no innoven |
| Vos | innová | no innoves |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya innovado |
| Tú | hayas innovado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya innovado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos innovado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis innovado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan innovado |
| Vos | hayas innovado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera innovado / hubiese innovado |
| Tú | hubieras innovado / hubieses innovado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera innovado / hubiese innovado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos innovado / hubiésemos innovado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais innovado / hubieseis innovado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran innovado / hubiesen innovado |
| Vos | hubieras innovado / hubieses innovado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere innovado |
| Tú | hubieres innovado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere innovado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos innovado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis innovado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren innovado |
| Vos | hubieres innovado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté innovando |
| Tú | estés innovando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté innovando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos innovando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis innovando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén innovando |
| Vos | estés innovando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera innovando / estuviese innovando |
| Tú | estuvieras innovando / estuvieses innovando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera innovando / estuviese innovando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos innovando / estuviésamos innovando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais innovando / estuvieseis innovando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera innovando / estuviese innovando |
| Vos | estuvieras innovando / estuvieses innovando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere innovando |
| Tú | estuvieres innovando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere innovando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos innovando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis innovando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere innovando |
| Vos | estuvieres innovando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos innovás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos innovaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos innovabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos innovarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos innovarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos innoves |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos innovaras / Vos innovase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos innová |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no innoves |