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Inocular is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to inoculate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for inocular in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to inoculate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | inocular |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está inoculando) and past continuous (estaba inoculando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. inoculating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he inoculado and hubiera inoculado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have inoculated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | inoculando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | inoculado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I inoculate” or “they inoculate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inoculo |
| Tú | inoculas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inocula |
| Nosotros / as | inoculamos |
| Vosotros / as | inoculáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inoculan |
| Vos | inoculás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I inoculated” or “she inoculated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inoculé | I inoculated |
| Tú | inoculaste | You inoculated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inoculó | He / she / you inoculated |
| Nosotros / as | inoculamos | We inoculated |
| Vosotros / as | inoculasteis | You inoculated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inocularon | They / you inoculated |
| Vos | inoculaste | You inoculated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was inoculating” or “she was inoculating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inoculaba | I was inoculating |
| Tú | inoculabas | You were inoculating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inoculaba | He was / she was / you were inoculating |
| Nosotros / as | inoculábamos | We were inoculating |
| Vosotros / as | inoculabais | You were inoculating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inoculaban | They / you were inoculating |
| Vos | inoculabas | You were inoculating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have inoculated” and “she has inoculated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he inoculado | I have inoculated |
| Tú | has inoculado | You have inoculated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha inoculado | He has / she has / you have inoculated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos inoculado | We have inoculated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis inoculado | You have inoculated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han inoculado | They / you have inoculated |
| Vos | has inoculado | You have inoculated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would inoculate” or “she would inoculate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inocularía | I would inoculate |
| Tú | inocularías | You would inoculate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inocularía | He / she / you would inoculate |
| Nosotros / as | inocularíamos | We would inoculate |
| Vosotros / as | inocularíais | You would inoculate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inocularían | They / you would inoculate |
| Vos | inocularías | You would inoculate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will inoculate” or “they will inoculate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a inocular” means “They are going to inoculate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inocularé | I will inoculate |
| Tú | inocularás | You will inoculate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inoculará | He / she / you will inoculate |
| Nosotros / as | inocularemos | We will inoculate |
| Vosotros / as | inocularéis | You will inoculate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inocularán | They / you will inoculate |
| Vos | inocularás | You will inoculate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inocule |
| Tú | inocules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inocule |
| Nosotros / as | inoculemos |
| Vosotros / as | inoculéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inoculen |
| Vos | inocules |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inoculara | inoculase |
| Tú | inocularas | inoculase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inoculara | inoculase |
| Nosotros / as | inoculáramos | inoculásemos |
| Vosotros / as | inocularais | inoculaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inocularan | inoculasen |
| Vos | inocularas | inoculase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inoculare |
| Tú | inoculares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inoculare |
| Nosotros / as | inoculáremos |
| Vosotros / as | inoculareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inocularen |
| Vos | inoculares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “inoculate!” and “don’t inoculate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | inocula | no inocules |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inocule | no inocule |
| Nosotros / as | inoculemos | no inoculemos |
| Vosotros / as | inoculad | no inoculéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inoculen | no inoculen |
| Vos | inoculá | no inocules |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya inoculado |
| Tú | hayas inoculado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya inoculado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos inoculado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis inoculado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan inoculado |
| Vos | hayas inoculado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera inoculado / hubiese inoculado |
| Tú | hubieras inoculado / hubieses inoculado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera inoculado / hubiese inoculado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos inoculado / hubiésemos inoculado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais inoculado / hubieseis inoculado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran inoculado / hubiesen inoculado |
| Vos | hubieras inoculado / hubieses inoculado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere inoculado |
| Tú | hubieres inoculado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere inoculado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos inoculado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis inoculado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren inoculado |
| Vos | hubieres inoculado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté inoculando |
| Tú | estés inoculando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté inoculando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos inoculando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis inoculando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén inoculando |
| Vos | estés inoculando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera inoculando / estuviese inoculando |
| Tú | estuvieras inoculando / estuvieses inoculando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera inoculando / estuviese inoculando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos inoculando / estuviésamos inoculando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais inoculando / estuvieseis inoculando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera inoculando / estuviese inoculando |
| Vos | estuvieras inoculando / estuvieses inoculando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere inoculando |
| Tú | estuvieres inoculando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere inoculando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos inoculando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis inoculando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere inoculando |
| Vos | estuvieres inoculando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos inoculás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos inoculaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos inoculabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos inocularías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos inocularás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos inocules |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos inocularas / Vos inoculase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos inoculá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no inocules |