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Intimidar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to intimidate, threaten”.
Below are all of the conjugations for intimidar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to intimidate, threaten |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | intimidar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está intimidando) and past continuous (estaba intimidando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. intimidating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he intimidado and hubiera intimidado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have intimidated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | intimidando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | intimidado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I intimidate” or “they intimidate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | intimido |
| Tú | intimidas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | intimida |
| Nosotros / as | intimidamos |
| Vosotros / as | intimidáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | intimidan |
| Vos | intimidás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I intimidated” or “she intimidated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | intimidé | I intimidated |
| Tú | intimidaste | You intimidated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | intimidó | He / she / you intimidated |
| Nosotros / as | intimidamos | We intimidated |
| Vosotros / as | intimidasteis | You intimidated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | intimidaron | They / you intimidated |
| Vos | intimidaste | You intimidated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was intimidating” or “she was intimidating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | intimidaba | I was intimidating |
| Tú | intimidabas | You were intimidating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | intimidaba | He was / she was / you were intimidating |
| Nosotros / as | intimidábamos | We were intimidating |
| Vosotros / as | intimidabais | You were intimidating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | intimidaban | They / you were intimidating |
| Vos | intimidabas | You were intimidating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have intimidated” and “she has intimidated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he intimidado | I have intimidated |
| Tú | has intimidado | You have intimidated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha intimidado | He has / she has / you have intimidated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos intimidado | We have intimidated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis intimidado | You have intimidated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han intimidado | They / you have intimidated |
| Vos | has intimidado | You have intimidated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would intimidate” or “she would intimidate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | intimidaría | I would intimidate |
| Tú | intimidarías | You would intimidate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | intimidaría | He / she / you would intimidate |
| Nosotros / as | intimidaríamos | We would intimidate |
| Vosotros / as | intimidaríais | You would intimidate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | intimidarían | They / you would intimidate |
| Vos | intimidarías | You would intimidate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will intimidate” or “they will intimidate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a intimidar” means “They are going to intimidate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | intimidaré | I will intimidate |
| Tú | intimidarás | You will intimidate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | intimidará | He / she / you will intimidate |
| Nosotros / as | intimidaremos | We will intimidate |
| Vosotros / as | intimidaréis | You will intimidate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | intimidarán | They / you will intimidate |
| Vos | intimidarás | You will intimidate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | intimide |
| Tú | intimides |
| Él / Ella / Usted | intimide |
| Nosotros / as | intimidemos |
| Vosotros / as | intimidéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | intimiden |
| Vos | intimides |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | intimidara | intimidase |
| Tú | intimidaras | intimidase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | intimidara | intimidase |
| Nosotros / as | intimidáramos | intimidásemos |
| Vosotros / as | intimidarais | intimidaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | intimidaran | intimidasen |
| Vos | intimidaras | intimidase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | intimidare |
| Tú | intimidares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | intimidare |
| Nosotros / as | intimidáremos |
| Vosotros / as | intimidareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | intimidaren |
| Vos | intimidares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “intimidate!” and “don’t intimidate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | intimida | no intimides |
| Él / Ella / Usted | intimide | no intimide |
| Nosotros / as | intimidemos | no intimidemos |
| Vosotros / as | intimidad | no intimidéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | intimiden | no intimiden |
| Vos | intimidá | no intimides |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya intimidado |
| Tú | hayas intimidado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya intimidado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos intimidado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis intimidado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan intimidado |
| Vos | hayas intimidado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera intimidado / hubiese intimidado |
| Tú | hubieras intimidado / hubieses intimidado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera intimidado / hubiese intimidado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos intimidado / hubiésemos intimidado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais intimidado / hubieseis intimidado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran intimidado / hubiesen intimidado |
| Vos | hubieras intimidado / hubieses intimidado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere intimidado |
| Tú | hubieres intimidado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere intimidado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos intimidado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis intimidado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren intimidado |
| Vos | hubieres intimidado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté intimidando |
| Tú | estés intimidando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté intimidando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos intimidando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis intimidando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén intimidando |
| Vos | estés intimidando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera intimidando / estuviese intimidando |
| Tú | estuvieras intimidando / estuvieses intimidando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera intimidando / estuviese intimidando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos intimidando / estuviésamos intimidando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais intimidando / estuvieseis intimidando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera intimidando / estuviese intimidando |
| Vos | estuvieras intimidando / estuvieses intimidando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere intimidando |
| Tú | estuvieres intimidando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere intimidando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos intimidando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis intimidando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere intimidando |
| Vos | estuvieres intimidando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos intimidás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos intimidaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos intimidabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos intimidarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos intimidarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos intimides |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos intimidaras / Vos intimidase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos intimidá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no intimides |