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Inundar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to flood, inundate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for inundar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to flood, inundate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | inundar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está inundando) and past continuous (estaba inundando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. flooding).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he inundado and hubiera inundado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have flooded).
| Gerundio / Gerund | inundando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | inundado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I flood” or “they flood”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inundo |
| Tú | inundas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inunda |
| Nosotros / as | inundamos |
| Vosotros / as | inundáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inundan |
| Vos | inundás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I flooded” or “she flooded” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inundé | I flooded |
| Tú | inundaste | You flooded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inundó | He / she / you flooded |
| Nosotros / as | inundamos | We flooded |
| Vosotros / as | inundasteis | You flooded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inundaron | They / you flooded |
| Vos | inundaste | You flooded |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was flooding” or “she was flooding” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inundaba | I was flooding |
| Tú | inundabas | You were flooding |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inundaba | He was / she was / you were flooding |
| Nosotros / as | inundábamos | We were flooding |
| Vosotros / as | inundabais | You were flooding |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inundaban | They / you were flooding |
| Vos | inundabas | You were flooding |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have flooded” and “she has flooded”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he inundado | I have flooded |
| Tú | has inundado | You have flooded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha inundado | He has / she has / you have flooded |
| Nosotros / as | hemos inundado | We have flooded |
| Vosotros / as | habéis inundado | You have flooded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han inundado | They / you have flooded |
| Vos | has inundado | You have flooded |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would flood” or “she would flood”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inundaría | I would flood |
| Tú | inundarías | You would flood |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inundaría | He / she / you would flood |
| Nosotros / as | inundaríamos | We would flood |
| Vosotros / as | inundaríais | You would flood |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inundarían | They / you would flood |
| Vos | inundarías | You would flood |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will flood” or “they will flood”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a inundar” means “They are going to flood”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inundaré | I will flood |
| Tú | inundarás | You will flood |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inundará | He / she / you will flood |
| Nosotros / as | inundaremos | We will flood |
| Vosotros / as | inundaréis | You will flood |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inundarán | They / you will flood |
| Vos | inundarás | You will flood |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inunde |
| Tú | inundes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inunde |
| Nosotros / as | inundemos |
| Vosotros / as | inundéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inunden |
| Vos | inundes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | inundara | inundase |
| Tú | inundaras | inundase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inundara | inundase |
| Nosotros / as | inundáramos | inundásemos |
| Vosotros / as | inundarais | inundaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inundaran | inundasen |
| Vos | inundaras | inundase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | inundare |
| Tú | inundares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inundare |
| Nosotros / as | inundáremos |
| Vosotros / as | inundareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inundaren |
| Vos | inundares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “flood!” and “don’t flood!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | inunda | no inundes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | inunde | no inunde |
| Nosotros / as | inundemos | no inundemos |
| Vosotros / as | inundad | no inundéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | inunden | no inunden |
| Vos | inundá | no inundes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya inundado |
| Tú | hayas inundado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya inundado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos inundado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis inundado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan inundado |
| Vos | hayas inundado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera inundado / hubiese inundado |
| Tú | hubieras inundado / hubieses inundado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera inundado / hubiese inundado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos inundado / hubiésemos inundado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais inundado / hubieseis inundado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran inundado / hubiesen inundado |
| Vos | hubieras inundado / hubieses inundado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere inundado |
| Tú | hubieres inundado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere inundado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos inundado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis inundado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren inundado |
| Vos | hubieres inundado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté inundando |
| Tú | estés inundando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté inundando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos inundando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis inundando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén inundando |
| Vos | estés inundando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera inundando / estuviese inundando |
| Tú | estuvieras inundando / estuvieses inundando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera inundando / estuviese inundando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos inundando / estuviésamos inundando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais inundando / estuvieseis inundando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera inundando / estuviese inundando |
| Vos | estuvieras inundando / estuvieses inundando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere inundando |
| Tú | estuvieres inundando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere inundando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos inundando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis inundando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere inundando |
| Vos | estuvieres inundando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos inundás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos inundaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos inundabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos inundarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos inundarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos inundes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos inundaras / Vos inundase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos inundá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no inundes |