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Jalar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to pull”.
Below are all of the conjugations for jalar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to pull |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | jalar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está jalando) and past continuous (estaba jalando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. pulling).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he jalado and hubiera jalado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have pulled).
| Gerundio / Gerund | jalando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | jalado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I pull” or “they pull”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | jalo |
| Tú | jalas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jala |
| Nosotros / as | jalamos |
| Vosotros / as | jaláis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jalan |
| Vos | jalás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I pulled” or “she pulled” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jalé | I pulled |
| Tú | jalaste | You pulled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jaló | He / she / you pulled |
| Nosotros / as | jalamos | We pulled |
| Vosotros / as | jalasteis | You pulled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jalaron | They / you pulled |
| Vos | jalaste | You pulled |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was pulling” or “she was pulling” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jalaba | I was pulling |
| Tú | jalabas | You were pulling |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jalaba | He was / she was / you were pulling |
| Nosotros / as | jalábamos | We were pulling |
| Vosotros / as | jalabais | You were pulling |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jalaban | They / you were pulling |
| Vos | jalabas | You were pulling |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have pulled” and “she has pulled”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he jalado | I have pulled |
| Tú | has jalado | You have pulled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha jalado | He has / she has / you have pulled |
| Nosotros / as | hemos jalado | We have pulled |
| Vosotros / as | habéis jalado | You have pulled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han jalado | They / you have pulled |
| Vos | has jalado | You have pulled |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would pull” or “she would pull”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jalaría | I would pull |
| Tú | jalarías | You would pull |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jalaría | He / she / you would pull |
| Nosotros / as | jalaríamos | We would pull |
| Vosotros / as | jalaríais | You would pull |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jalarían | They / you would pull |
| Vos | jalarías | You would pull |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will pull” or “they will pull”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a jalar” means “They are going to pull”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jalaré | I will pull |
| Tú | jalarás | You will pull |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jalará | He / she / you will pull |
| Nosotros / as | jalaremos | We will pull |
| Vosotros / as | jalaréis | You will pull |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jalarán | They / you will pull |
| Vos | jalarás | You will pull |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | jale |
| Tú | jales |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jale |
| Nosotros / as | jalemos |
| Vosotros / as | jaléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jalen |
| Vos | jales |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jalara | jalase |
| Tú | jalaras | jalase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jalara | jalase |
| Nosotros / as | jaláramos | jalásemos |
| Vosotros / as | jalarais | jalaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jalaran | jalasen |
| Vos | jalaras | jalase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | jalare |
| Tú | jalares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jalare |
| Nosotros / as | jaláremos |
| Vosotros / as | jalareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jalaren |
| Vos | jalares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “pull!” and “don’t pull!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | jala | no jales |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jale | no jale |
| Nosotros / as | jalemos | no jalemos |
| Vosotros / as | jalad | no jaléis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jalen | no jalen |
| Vos | jalá | no jales |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya jalado |
| Tú | hayas jalado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya jalado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos jalado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis jalado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan jalado |
| Vos | hayas jalado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera jalado / hubiese jalado |
| Tú | hubieras jalado / hubieses jalado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera jalado / hubiese jalado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos jalado / hubiésemos jalado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais jalado / hubieseis jalado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran jalado / hubiesen jalado |
| Vos | hubieras jalado / hubieses jalado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere jalado |
| Tú | hubieres jalado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere jalado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos jalado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis jalado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren jalado |
| Vos | hubieres jalado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté jalando |
| Tú | estés jalando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté jalando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos jalando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis jalando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén jalando |
| Vos | estés jalando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera jalando / estuviese jalando |
| Tú | estuvieras jalando / estuvieses jalando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera jalando / estuviese jalando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos jalando / estuviésamos jalando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais jalando / estuvieseis jalando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera jalando / estuviese jalando |
| Vos | estuvieras jalando / estuvieses jalando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere jalando |
| Tú | estuvieres jalando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere jalando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos jalando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis jalando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere jalando |
| Vos | estuvieres jalando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos jalás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos jalaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos jalabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos jalarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos jalarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos jales |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos jalaras / Vos jalase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos jalá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no jales |