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Jorobar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to annoy, bother, irritate, exasperate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for jorobar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to annoy, bother, irritate, exasperate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | jorobar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está jorobando) and past continuous (estaba jorobando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. annoying).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he jorobado and hubiera jorobado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have annoyed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | jorobando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | jorobado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I annoy” or “they annoy”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | jorobo |
| Tú | jorobas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | joroba |
| Nosotros / as | jorobamos |
| Vosotros / as | jorobáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | joroban |
| Vos | jorobás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I annoyed” or “she annoyed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jorobé | I annoyed |
| Tú | jorobaste | You annoyed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jorobó | He / she / you annoyed |
| Nosotros / as | jorobamos | We annoyed |
| Vosotros / as | jorobasteis | You annoyed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jorobaron | They / you annoyed |
| Vos | jorobaste | You annoyed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was annoying” or “she was annoying” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jorobaba | I was annoying |
| Tú | jorobabas | You were annoying |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jorobaba | He was / she was / you were annoying |
| Nosotros / as | jorobábamos | We were annoying |
| Vosotros / as | jorobabais | You were annoying |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jorobaban | They / you were annoying |
| Vos | jorobabas | You were annoying |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have annoyed” and “she has annoyed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he jorobado | I have annoyed |
| Tú | has jorobado | You have annoyed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha jorobado | He has / she has / you have annoyed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos jorobado | We have annoyed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis jorobado | You have annoyed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han jorobado | They / you have annoyed |
| Vos | has jorobado | You have annoyed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would annoy” or “she would annoy”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jorobaría | I would annoy |
| Tú | jorobarías | You would annoy |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jorobaría | He / she / you would annoy |
| Nosotros / as | jorobaríamos | We would annoy |
| Vosotros / as | jorobaríais | You would annoy |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jorobarían | They / you would annoy |
| Vos | jorobarías | You would annoy |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will annoy” or “they will annoy”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a jorobar” means “They are going to annoy”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jorobaré | I will annoy |
| Tú | jorobarás | You will annoy |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jorobará | He / she / you will annoy |
| Nosotros / as | jorobaremos | We will annoy |
| Vosotros / as | jorobaréis | You will annoy |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jorobarán | They / you will annoy |
| Vos | jorobarás | You will annoy |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | jorobe |
| Tú | jorobes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jorobe |
| Nosotros / as | jorobemos |
| Vosotros / as | jorobéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | joroben |
| Vos | jorobes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jorobara | jorobase |
| Tú | jorobaras | jorobase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jorobara | jorobase |
| Nosotros / as | jorobáramos | jorobásemos |
| Vosotros / as | jorobarais | jorobaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jorobaran | jorobasen |
| Vos | jorobaras | jorobase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | jorobare |
| Tú | jorobares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jorobare |
| Nosotros / as | jorobáremos |
| Vosotros / as | jorobareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jorobaren |
| Vos | jorobares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “annoy!” and “don’t annoy!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | joroba | no jorobes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jorobe | no jorobe |
| Nosotros / as | jorobemos | no jorobemos |
| Vosotros / as | jorobad | no jorobéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | joroben | no joroben |
| Vos | jorobá | no jorobes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya jorobado |
| Tú | hayas jorobado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya jorobado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos jorobado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis jorobado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan jorobado |
| Vos | hayas jorobado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera jorobado / hubiese jorobado |
| Tú | hubieras jorobado / hubieses jorobado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera jorobado / hubiese jorobado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos jorobado / hubiésemos jorobado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais jorobado / hubieseis jorobado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran jorobado / hubiesen jorobado |
| Vos | hubieras jorobado / hubieses jorobado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere jorobado |
| Tú | hubieres jorobado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere jorobado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos jorobado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis jorobado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren jorobado |
| Vos | hubieres jorobado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté jorobando |
| Tú | estés jorobando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté jorobando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos jorobando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis jorobando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén jorobando |
| Vos | estés jorobando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera jorobando / estuviese jorobando |
| Tú | estuvieras jorobando / estuvieses jorobando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera jorobando / estuviese jorobando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos jorobando / estuviésamos jorobando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais jorobando / estuvieseis jorobando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera jorobando / estuviese jorobando |
| Vos | estuvieras jorobando / estuvieses jorobando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere jorobando |
| Tú | estuvieres jorobando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere jorobando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos jorobando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis jorobando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere jorobando |
| Vos | estuvieres jorobando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos jorobás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos jorobaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos jorobabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos jorobarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos jorobarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos jorobes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos jorobaras / Vos jorobase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos jorobá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no jorobes |