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Juramentar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to swear in”.
Below are all of the conjugations for juramentar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to swear in |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | juramentar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está juramentando) and past continuous (estaba juramentando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. swearing in).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he juramentado and hubiera juramentado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have sworn in).
| Gerundio / Gerund | juramentando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | juramentado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I swear in” or “they swear in”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | juramento |
| Tú | juramentas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juramenta |
| Nosotros / as | juramentamos |
| Vosotros / as | juramentáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juramentan |
| Vos | juramentás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I swore in” or “she swore in” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juramenté | I swore in |
| Tú | juramentaste | You swore in |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juramentó | He / she / you swore in |
| Nosotros / as | juramentamos | We swore in |
| Vosotros / as | juramentasteis | You swore in |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juramentaron | They / you swore in |
| Vos | juramentaste | You swore in |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was swearing in” or “she was swearing in” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juramentaba | I was swearing in |
| Tú | juramentabas | You were swearing in |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juramentaba | He was / she was / you were swearing in |
| Nosotros / as | juramentábamos | We were swearing in |
| Vosotros / as | juramentabais | You were swearing in |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juramentaban | They / you were swearing in |
| Vos | juramentabas | You were swearing in |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have sworn in” and “she has sworn in”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he juramentado | I have sworn in |
| Tú | has juramentado | You have sworn in |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha juramentado | He has / she has / you have sworn in |
| Nosotros / as | hemos juramentado | We have sworn in |
| Vosotros / as | habéis juramentado | You have sworn in |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han juramentado | They / you have sworn in |
| Vos | has juramentado | You have sworn in |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would swear in” or “she would swear in”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juramentaría | I would swear in |
| Tú | juramentarías | You would swear in |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juramentaría | He / she / you would swear in |
| Nosotros / as | juramentaríamos | We would swear in |
| Vosotros / as | juramentaríais | You would swear in |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juramentarían | They / you would swear in |
| Vos | juramentarías | You would swear in |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will swear in” or “they will swear in”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a juramentar” means “They are going to swear in”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juramentaré | I will swear in |
| Tú | juramentarás | You will swear in |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juramentará | He / she / you will swear in |
| Nosotros / as | juramentaremos | We will swear in |
| Vosotros / as | juramentaréis | You will swear in |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juramentarán | They / you will swear in |
| Vos | juramentarás | You will swear in |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | juramente |
| Tú | juramentes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juramente |
| Nosotros / as | juramentemos |
| Vosotros / as | juramentéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juramenten |
| Vos | juramentes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juramentara | juramentase |
| Tú | juramentaras | juramentase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juramentara | juramentase |
| Nosotros / as | juramentáramos | juramentásemos |
| Vosotros / as | juramentarais | juramentaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juramentaran | juramentasen |
| Vos | juramentaras | juramentase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | juramentare |
| Tú | juramentares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juramentare |
| Nosotros / as | juramentáremos |
| Vosotros / as | juramentareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juramentaren |
| Vos | juramentares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “swear in!” and “don’t swear in!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | juramenta | no juramentes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juramente | no juramente |
| Nosotros / as | juramentemos | no juramentemos |
| Vosotros / as | juramentad | no juramentéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juramenten | no juramenten |
| Vos | juramentá | no juramentes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya juramentado |
| Tú | hayas juramentado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya juramentado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos juramentado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis juramentado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan juramentado |
| Vos | hayas juramentado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera juramentado / hubiese juramentado |
| Tú | hubieras juramentado / hubieses juramentado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera juramentado / hubiese juramentado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos juramentado / hubiésemos juramentado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais juramentado / hubieseis juramentado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran juramentado / hubiesen juramentado |
| Vos | hubieras juramentado / hubieses juramentado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere juramentado |
| Tú | hubieres juramentado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere juramentado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos juramentado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis juramentado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren juramentado |
| Vos | hubieres juramentado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté juramentando |
| Tú | estés juramentando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté juramentando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos juramentando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis juramentando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén juramentando |
| Vos | estés juramentando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera juramentando / estuviese juramentando |
| Tú | estuvieras juramentando / estuvieses juramentando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera juramentando / estuviese juramentando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos juramentando / estuviésamos juramentando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais juramentando / estuvieseis juramentando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera juramentando / estuviese juramentando |
| Vos | estuvieras juramentando / estuvieses juramentando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere juramentando |
| Tú | estuvieres juramentando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere juramentando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos juramentando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis juramentando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere juramentando |
| Vos | estuvieres juramentando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos juramentás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos juramentaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos juramentabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos juramentarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos juramentarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos juramentes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos juramentaras / Vos juramentase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos juramentá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no juramentes |