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Jurar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to swear an oath”.
Below are all of the conjugations for jurar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to swear an oath |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | jurar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está jurando) and past continuous (estaba jurando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. swearing an oath).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he jurado and hubiera jurado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have sworn an oath).
| Gerundio / Gerund | jurando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | jurado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I swear an oath” or “they swear an oath”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | juro |
| Tú | juras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jura |
| Nosotros / as | juramos |
| Vosotros / as | juráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juran |
| Vos | jurás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I swore an oath” or “she swore an oath” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juré | I swore an oath |
| Tú | juraste | You swore an oath |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juró | He / she / you swore an oath |
| Nosotros / as | juramos | We swore an oath |
| Vosotros / as | jurasteis | You swore an oath |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juraron | They / you swore an oath |
| Vos | juraste | You swore an oath |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was swearing an oath” or “she was swearing an oath” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juraba | I was swearing an oath |
| Tú | jurabas | You were swearing an oath |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juraba | He was / she was / you were swearing an oath |
| Nosotros / as | jurábamos | We were swearing an oath |
| Vosotros / as | jurabais | You were swearing an oath |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juraban | They / you were swearing an oath |
| Vos | jurabas | You were swearing an oath |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have sworn an oath” and “she has sworn an oath”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he jurado | I have sworn an oath |
| Tú | has jurado | You have sworn an oath |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha jurado | He has / she has / you have sworn an oath |
| Nosotros / as | hemos jurado | We have sworn an oath |
| Vosotros / as | habéis jurado | You have sworn an oath |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han jurado | They / you have sworn an oath |
| Vos | has jurado | You have sworn an oath |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would swear an oath” or “she would swear an oath”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juraría | I would swear an oath |
| Tú | jurarías | You would swear an oath |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juraría | He / she / you would swear an oath |
| Nosotros / as | juraríamos | We would swear an oath |
| Vosotros / as | juraríais | You would swear an oath |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jurarían | They / you would swear an oath |
| Vos | jurarías | You would swear an oath |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will swear an oath” or “they will swear an oath”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a jurar” means “They are going to swear an oath”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juraré | I will swear an oath |
| Tú | jurarás | You will swear an oath |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jurará | He / she / you will swear an oath |
| Nosotros / as | juraremos | We will swear an oath |
| Vosotros / as | juraréis | You will swear an oath |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | jurarán | They / you will swear an oath |
| Vos | jurarás | You will swear an oath |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | jure |
| Tú | jures |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jure |
| Nosotros / as | juremos |
| Vosotros / as | juréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juren |
| Vos | jures |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | jurara | jurase |
| Tú | juraras | jurase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jurara | jurase |
| Nosotros / as | juráramos | jurásemos |
| Vosotros / as | jurarais | juraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juraran | jurasen |
| Vos | juraras | jurase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | jurare |
| Tú | jurares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jurare |
| Nosotros / as | juráremos |
| Vosotros / as | jurareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juraren |
| Vos | jurares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “swear an oath!” and “don’t swear an oath!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | jura | no jures |
| Él / Ella / Usted | jure | no jure |
| Nosotros / as | juremos | no juremos |
| Vosotros / as | jurad | no juréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juren | no juren |
| Vos | jurá | no jures |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya jurado |
| Tú | hayas jurado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya jurado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos jurado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis jurado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan jurado |
| Vos | hayas jurado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera jurado / hubiese jurado |
| Tú | hubieras jurado / hubieses jurado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera jurado / hubiese jurado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos jurado / hubiésemos jurado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais jurado / hubieseis jurado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran jurado / hubiesen jurado |
| Vos | hubieras jurado / hubieses jurado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere jurado |
| Tú | hubieres jurado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere jurado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos jurado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis jurado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren jurado |
| Vos | hubieres jurado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté jurando |
| Tú | estés jurando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté jurando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos jurando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis jurando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén jurando |
| Vos | estés jurando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera jurando / estuviese jurando |
| Tú | estuvieras jurando / estuvieses jurando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera jurando / estuviese jurando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos jurando / estuviésamos jurando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais jurando / estuvieseis jurando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera jurando / estuviese jurando |
| Vos | estuvieras jurando / estuvieses jurando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere jurando |
| Tú | estuvieres jurando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere jurando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos jurando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis jurando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere jurando |
| Vos | estuvieres jurando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos jurás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos juraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos jurabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos jurarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos jurarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos jures |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos juraras / Vos jurase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos jurá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no jures |