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Juzgar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to judge, pass a judgement on”.
Below are all of the conjugations for juzgar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to judge, pass a judgement on |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | juzgar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está juzgando) and past continuous (estaba juzgando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. judging).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he juzgado and hubiera juzgado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have judged).
| Gerundio / Gerund | juzgando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | juzgado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I judge” or “they judge”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | juzgo |
| Tú | juzgas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juzga |
| Nosotros / as | juzgamos |
| Vosotros / as | juzgáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juzgan |
| Vos | juzgás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I judged” or “she judged” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juzgué | I judged |
| Tú | juzgaste | You judged |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juzgó | He / she / you judged |
| Nosotros / as | juzgamos | We judged |
| Vosotros / as | juzgasteis | You judged |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juzgaron | They / you judged |
| Vos | juzgaste | You judged |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was judging” or “she was judging” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juzgaba | I was judging |
| Tú | juzgabas | You were judging |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juzgaba | He was / she was / you were judging |
| Nosotros / as | juzgábamos | We were judging |
| Vosotros / as | juzgabais | You were judging |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juzgaban | They / you were judging |
| Vos | juzgabas | You were judging |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have judged” and “she has judged”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he juzgado | I have judged |
| Tú | has juzgado | You have judged |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha juzgado | He has / she has / you have judged |
| Nosotros / as | hemos juzgado | We have judged |
| Vosotros / as | habéis juzgado | You have judged |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han juzgado | They / you have judged |
| Vos | has juzgado | You have judged |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would judge” or “she would judge”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juzgaría | I would judge |
| Tú | juzgarías | You would judge |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juzgaría | He / she / you would judge |
| Nosotros / as | juzgaríamos | We would judge |
| Vosotros / as | juzgaríais | You would judge |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juzgarían | They / you would judge |
| Vos | juzgarías | You would judge |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will judge” or “they will judge”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a juzgar” means “They are going to judge”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juzgaré | I will judge |
| Tú | juzgarás | You will judge |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juzgará | He / she / you will judge |
| Nosotros / as | juzgaremos | We will judge |
| Vosotros / as | juzgaréis | You will judge |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juzgarán | They / you will judge |
| Vos | juzgarás | You will judge |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | juzgue |
| Tú | juzgues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juzgue |
| Nosotros / as | juzguemos |
| Vosotros / as | juzguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juzguen |
| Vos | juzgues |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | juzgara | juzgase |
| Tú | juzgaras | juzgase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juzgara | juzgase |
| Nosotros / as | juzgáramos | juzgásemos |
| Vosotros / as | juzgarais | juzgaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juzgaran | juzgasen |
| Vos | juzgaras | juzgase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | juzgare |
| Tú | juzgares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juzgare |
| Nosotros / as | juzgáremos |
| Vosotros / as | juzgareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juzgaren |
| Vos | juzgares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “judge!” and “don’t judge!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | juzga | no juzgues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | juzgue | no juzgue |
| Nosotros / as | juzguemos | no juzguemos |
| Vosotros / as | juzgad | no juzguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | juzguen | no juzguen |
| Vos | juzgá | no juzgues |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya juzgado |
| Tú | hayas juzgado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya juzgado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos juzgado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis juzgado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan juzgado |
| Vos | hayas juzgado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera juzgado / hubiese juzgado |
| Tú | hubieras juzgado / hubieses juzgado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera juzgado / hubiese juzgado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos juzgado / hubiésemos juzgado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais juzgado / hubieseis juzgado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran juzgado / hubiesen juzgado |
| Vos | hubieras juzgado / hubieses juzgado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere juzgado |
| Tú | hubieres juzgado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere juzgado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos juzgado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis juzgado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren juzgado |
| Vos | hubieres juzgado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté juzgando |
| Tú | estés juzgando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté juzgando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos juzgando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis juzgando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén juzgando |
| Vos | estés juzgando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera juzgando / estuviese juzgando |
| Tú | estuvieras juzgando / estuvieses juzgando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera juzgando / estuviese juzgando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos juzgando / estuviésamos juzgando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais juzgando / estuvieseis juzgando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera juzgando / estuviese juzgando |
| Vos | estuvieras juzgando / estuvieses juzgando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere juzgando |
| Tú | estuvieres juzgando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere juzgando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos juzgando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis juzgando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere juzgando |
| Vos | estuvieres juzgando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos juzgás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos juzgaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos juzgabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos juzgarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos juzgarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos juzgues |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos juzgaras / Vos juzgase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos juzgá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no juzgues |