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Lacerar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to lacerate, wound”.
Below are all of the conjugations for lacerar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to lacerate, wound |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | lacerar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está lacerando) and past continuous (estaba lacerando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. lacerating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he lacerado and hubiera lacerado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have lacerated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | lacerando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | lacerado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I lacerate” or “they lacerate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lacero |
| Tú | laceras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lacera |
| Nosotros / as | laceramos |
| Vosotros / as | laceráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laceran |
| Vos | lacerás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I lacerated” or “she lacerated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | laceré | I lacerated |
| Tú | laceraste | You lacerated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | laceró | He / she / you lacerated |
| Nosotros / as | laceramos | We lacerated |
| Vosotros / as | lacerasteis | You lacerated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laceraron | They / you lacerated |
| Vos | laceraste | You lacerated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was lacerating” or “she was lacerating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | laceraba | I was lacerating |
| Tú | lacerabas | You were lacerating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | laceraba | He was / she was / you were lacerating |
| Nosotros / as | lacerábamos | We were lacerating |
| Vosotros / as | lacerabais | You were lacerating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laceraban | They / you were lacerating |
| Vos | lacerabas | You were lacerating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have lacerated” and “she has lacerated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he lacerado | I have lacerated |
| Tú | has lacerado | You have lacerated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha lacerado | He has / she has / you have lacerated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos lacerado | We have lacerated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis lacerado | You have lacerated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han lacerado | They / you have lacerated |
| Vos | has lacerado | You have lacerated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would lacerate” or “she would lacerate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | laceraría | I would lacerate |
| Tú | lacerarías | You would lacerate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | laceraría | He / she / you would lacerate |
| Nosotros / as | laceraríamos | We would lacerate |
| Vosotros / as | laceraríais | You would lacerate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lacerarían | They / you would lacerate |
| Vos | lacerarías | You would lacerate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will lacerate” or “they will lacerate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a lacerar” means “They are going to lacerate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | laceraré | I will lacerate |
| Tú | lacerarás | You will lacerate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lacerará | He / she / you will lacerate |
| Nosotros / as | laceraremos | We will lacerate |
| Vosotros / as | laceraréis | You will lacerate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lacerarán | They / you will lacerate |
| Vos | lacerarás | You will lacerate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lacere |
| Tú | laceres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lacere |
| Nosotros / as | laceremos |
| Vosotros / as | laceréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laceren |
| Vos | laceres |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lacerara | lacerase |
| Tú | laceraras | lacerase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lacerara | lacerase |
| Nosotros / as | laceráramos | lacerásemos |
| Vosotros / as | lacerarais | laceraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laceraran | lacerasen |
| Vos | laceraras | lacerase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lacerare |
| Tú | lacerares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lacerare |
| Nosotros / as | laceráremos |
| Vosotros / as | lacerareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laceraren |
| Vos | lacerares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “lacerate!” and “don’t lacerate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | lacera | no laceres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lacere | no lacere |
| Nosotros / as | laceremos | no laceremos |
| Vosotros / as | lacerad | no laceréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laceren | no laceren |
| Vos | lacerá | no laceres |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya lacerado |
| Tú | hayas lacerado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya lacerado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos lacerado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis lacerado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan lacerado |
| Vos | hayas lacerado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera lacerado / hubiese lacerado |
| Tú | hubieras lacerado / hubieses lacerado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera lacerado / hubiese lacerado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos lacerado / hubiésemos lacerado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais lacerado / hubieseis lacerado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran lacerado / hubiesen lacerado |
| Vos | hubieras lacerado / hubieses lacerado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere lacerado |
| Tú | hubieres lacerado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere lacerado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos lacerado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis lacerado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren lacerado |
| Vos | hubieres lacerado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté lacerando |
| Tú | estés lacerando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté lacerando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos lacerando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis lacerando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén lacerando |
| Vos | estés lacerando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera lacerando / estuviese lacerando |
| Tú | estuvieras lacerando / estuvieses lacerando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera lacerando / estuviese lacerando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos lacerando / estuviésamos lacerando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais lacerando / estuvieseis lacerando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera lacerando / estuviese lacerando |
| Vos | estuvieras lacerando / estuvieses lacerando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere lacerando |
| Tú | estuvieres lacerando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere lacerando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos lacerando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis lacerando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere lacerando |
| Vos | estuvieres lacerando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos lacerás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos laceraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos lacerabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos lacerarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos lacerarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos laceres |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos laceraras / Vos lacerase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos lacerá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no laceres |