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Laminar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to laminate, roll into sheets”.
Below are all of the conjugations for laminar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to laminate, roll into sheets |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | laminar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está laminando) and past continuous (estaba laminando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. laminating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he laminado and hubiera laminado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have laminated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | laminando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | laminado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I laminate” or “they laminate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lamino |
| Tú | laminas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lamina |
| Nosotros / as | laminamos |
| Vosotros / as | lamináis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laminan |
| Vos | laminás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I laminated” or “she laminated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | laminé | I laminated |
| Tú | laminaste | You laminated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | laminó | He / she / you laminated |
| Nosotros / as | laminamos | We laminated |
| Vosotros / as | laminasteis | You laminated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laminaron | They / you laminated |
| Vos | laminaste | You laminated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was laminating” or “she was laminating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | laminaba | I was laminating |
| Tú | laminabas | You were laminating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | laminaba | He was / she was / you were laminating |
| Nosotros / as | laminábamos | We were laminating |
| Vosotros / as | laminabais | You were laminating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laminaban | They / you were laminating |
| Vos | laminabas | You were laminating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have laminated” and “she has laminated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he laminado | I have laminated |
| Tú | has laminado | You have laminated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha laminado | He has / she has / you have laminated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos laminado | We have laminated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis laminado | You have laminated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han laminado | They / you have laminated |
| Vos | has laminado | You have laminated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would laminate” or “she would laminate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | laminaría | I would laminate |
| Tú | laminarías | You would laminate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | laminaría | He / she / you would laminate |
| Nosotros / as | laminaríamos | We would laminate |
| Vosotros / as | laminaríais | You would laminate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laminarían | They / you would laminate |
| Vos | laminarías | You would laminate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will laminate” or “they will laminate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a laminar” means “They are going to laminate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | laminaré | I will laminate |
| Tú | laminarás | You will laminate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | laminará | He / she / you will laminate |
| Nosotros / as | laminaremos | We will laminate |
| Vosotros / as | laminaréis | You will laminate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laminarán | They / you will laminate |
| Vos | laminarás | You will laminate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lamine |
| Tú | lamines |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lamine |
| Nosotros / as | laminemos |
| Vosotros / as | laminéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laminen |
| Vos | lamines |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | laminara | laminase |
| Tú | laminaras | laminase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | laminara | laminase |
| Nosotros / as | lamináramos | laminásemos |
| Vosotros / as | laminarais | laminaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laminaran | laminasen |
| Vos | laminaras | laminase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | laminare |
| Tú | laminares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | laminare |
| Nosotros / as | lamináremos |
| Vosotros / as | laminareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laminaren |
| Vos | laminares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “laminate!” and “don’t laminate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | lamina | no lamines |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lamine | no lamine |
| Nosotros / as | laminemos | no laminemos |
| Vosotros / as | laminad | no laminéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | laminen | no laminen |
| Vos | laminá | no lamines |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya laminado |
| Tú | hayas laminado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya laminado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos laminado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis laminado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan laminado |
| Vos | hayas laminado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera laminado / hubiese laminado |
| Tú | hubieras laminado / hubieses laminado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera laminado / hubiese laminado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos laminado / hubiésemos laminado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais laminado / hubieseis laminado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran laminado / hubiesen laminado |
| Vos | hubieras laminado / hubieses laminado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere laminado |
| Tú | hubieres laminado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere laminado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos laminado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis laminado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren laminado |
| Vos | hubieres laminado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté laminando |
| Tú | estés laminando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté laminando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos laminando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis laminando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén laminando |
| Vos | estés laminando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera laminando / estuviese laminando |
| Tú | estuvieras laminando / estuvieses laminando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera laminando / estuviese laminando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos laminando / estuviésamos laminando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais laminando / estuvieseis laminando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera laminando / estuviese laminando |
| Vos | estuvieras laminando / estuvieses laminando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere laminando |
| Tú | estuvieres laminando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere laminando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos laminando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis laminando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere laminando |
| Vos | estuvieres laminando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos laminás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos laminaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos laminabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos laminarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos laminarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos lamines |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos laminaras / Vos laminase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos laminá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no lamines |