Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Menu
Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Litigar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to litigate, dispute”.
Below are all of the conjugations for litigar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to litigate, dispute |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | litigar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está litigando) and past continuous (estaba litigando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. litigating).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he litigado and hubiera litigado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have litigated).
| Gerundio / Gerund | litigando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | litigado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I litigate” or “they litigate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | litigo |
| Tú | litigas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | litiga |
| Nosotros / as | litigamos |
| Vosotros / as | litigáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | litigan |
| Vos |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I litigated” or “she litigated” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | litigué | I litigated |
| Tú | litigaste | You litigated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | litigó | He / she / you litigated |
| Nosotros / as | litigamos | We litigated |
| Vosotros / as | litigasteis | You litigated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | litigaron | They / you litigated |
| Vos | litigaste | You litigated |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was litigating” or “she was litigating” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | litigaba | I was litigating |
| Tú | litigabas | You were litigating |
| Él / Ella / Usted | litigaba | He was / she was / you were litigating |
| Nosotros / as | litigábamos | We were litigating |
| Vosotros / as | litigabais | You were litigating |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | litigaban | They / you were litigating |
| Vos | litigabas | You were litigating |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have litigated” and “she has litigated”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he litigado | I have litigated |
| Tú | has litigado | You have litigated |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha litigado | He has / she has / you have litigated |
| Nosotros / as | hemos litigado | We have litigated |
| Vosotros / as | habéis litigado | You have litigated |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han litigado | They / you have litigated |
| Vos | has litigado | You have litigated |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would litigate” or “she would litigate”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | litigaría | I would litigate |
| Tú | litigarías | You would litigate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | litigaría | He / she / you would litigate |
| Nosotros / as | litigaríamos | We would litigate |
| Vosotros / as | litigaríais | You would litigate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | litigarían | They / you would litigate |
| Vos | litigarías | You would litigate |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will litigate” or “they will litigate”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a litigar” means “They are going to litigate”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | litigaré | I will litigate |
| Tú | litigarás | You will litigate |
| Él / Ella / Usted | litigará | He / she / you will litigate |
| Nosotros / as | litigaremos | We will litigate |
| Vosotros / as | litigaréis | You will litigate |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | litigarán | They / you will litigate |
| Vos | litigarás | You will litigate |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | litigue |
| Tú | litigues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | litigue |
| Nosotros / as | litiguemos |
| Vosotros / as | litiguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | litiguen |
| Vos | litigues |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | litigara | litigase |
| Tú | litigaras | litigase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | litigara | litigase |
| Nosotros / as | litigáramos | litigásemos |
| Vosotros / as | litigarais | litigaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | litigaran | litigasen |
| Vos | litigaras | litigase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | litigare |
| Tú | litigares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | litigare |
| Nosotros / as | litigáremos |
| Vosotros / as | litigareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | litigaren |
| Vos | litigares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “litigate!” and “don’t litigate!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | litiga | no litigues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | litigue | no litigue |
| Nosotros / as | litiguemos | no litiguemos |
| Vosotros / as | litigad | no litiguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | litiguen | no litiguen |
| Vos | no litigues |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya litigado |
| Tú | hayas litigado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya litigado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos litigado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis litigado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan litigado |
| Vos | hayas litigado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera litigado / hubiese litigado |
| Tú | hubieras litigado / hubieses litigado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera litigado / hubiese litigado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos litigado / hubiésemos litigado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais litigado / hubieseis litigado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran litigado / hubiesen litigado |
| Vos | hubieras litigado / hubieses litigado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere litigado |
| Tú | hubieres litigado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere litigado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos litigado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis litigado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren litigado |
| Vos | hubieres litigado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté litigando |
| Tú | estés litigando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté litigando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos litigando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis litigando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén litigando |
| Vos | estés litigando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera litigando / estuviese litigando |
| Tú | estuvieras litigando / estuvieses litigando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera litigando / estuviese litigando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos litigando / estuviésamos litigando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais litigando / estuvieseis litigando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera litigando / estuviese litigando |
| Vos | estuvieras litigando / estuvieses litigando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere litigando |
| Tú | estuvieres litigando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere litigando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos litigando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis litigando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere litigando |
| Vos | estuvieres litigando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos litigaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos litigabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos litigarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos litigarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos litigues |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos litigaras / Vos litigase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no litigues |