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Llevar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to carry”.
Below are all of the conjugations for llevar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to carry |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | llevar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está llevando) and past continuous (estaba llevando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. carrying).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he llevado and hubiera llevado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have carried).
| Gerundio / Gerund | llevando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | llevado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I carry” or “they carry”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | llevo |
| Tú | llevas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lleva |
| Nosotros / as | llevamos |
| Vosotros / as | lleváis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llevan |
| Vos | llevás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I carried” or “she carried” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llevé | I carried |
| Tú | llevaste | You carried |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llevó | He / she / you carried |
| Nosotros / as | llevamos | We carried |
| Vosotros / as | llevasteis | You carried |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llevaron | They / you carried |
| Vos | llevaste | You carried |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was carrying” or “she was carrying” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llevaba | I was carrying |
| Tú | llevabas | You were carrying |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llevaba | He was / she was / you were carrying |
| Nosotros / as | llevábamos | We were carrying |
| Vosotros / as | llevabais | You were carrying |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llevaban | They / you were carrying |
| Vos | llevabas | You were carrying |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have carried” and “she has carried”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he llevado | I have carried |
| Tú | has llevado | You have carried |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha llevado | He has / she has / you have carried |
| Nosotros / as | hemos llevado | We have carried |
| Vosotros / as | habéis llevado | You have carried |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han llevado | They / you have carried |
| Vos | has llevado | You have carried |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would carry” or “she would carry”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llevaría | I would carry |
| Tú | llevarías | You would carry |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llevaría | He / she / you would carry |
| Nosotros / as | llevaríamos | We would carry |
| Vosotros / as | llevaríais | You would carry |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llevarían | They / you would carry |
| Vos | llevarías | You would carry |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will carry” or “they will carry”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a llevar” means “They are going to carry”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llevaré | I will carry |
| Tú | llevarás | You will carry |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llevará | He / she / you will carry |
| Nosotros / as | llevaremos | We will carry |
| Vosotros / as | llevaréis | You will carry |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llevarán | They / you will carry |
| Vos | llevarás | You will carry |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lleve |
| Tú | lleves |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lleve |
| Nosotros / as | llevemos |
| Vosotros / as | llevéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lleven |
| Vos | lleves |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llevara | llevase |
| Tú | llevaras | llevase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llevara | llevase |
| Nosotros / as | lleváramos | llevásemos |
| Vosotros / as | llevarais | llevaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llevaran | llevasen |
| Vos | llevaras | llevase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | llevare |
| Tú | llevares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llevare |
| Nosotros / as | lleváremos |
| Vosotros / as | llevareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llevaren |
| Vos | llevares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “carry!” and “don’t carry!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | lleva | no lleves |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lleve | no lleve |
| Nosotros / as | llevemos | no llevemos |
| Vosotros / as | llevad | no llevéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lleven | no lleven |
| Vos | llevá | no lleves |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya llevado |
| Tú | hayas llevado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya llevado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos llevado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis llevado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan llevado |
| Vos | hayas llevado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera llevado / hubiese llevado |
| Tú | hubieras llevado / hubieses llevado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera llevado / hubiese llevado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos llevado / hubiésemos llevado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais llevado / hubieseis llevado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran llevado / hubiesen llevado |
| Vos | hubieras llevado / hubieses llevado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere llevado |
| Tú | hubieres llevado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere llevado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos llevado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis llevado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren llevado |
| Vos | hubieres llevado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté llevando |
| Tú | estés llevando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté llevando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos llevando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis llevando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén llevando |
| Vos | estés llevando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera llevando / estuviese llevando |
| Tú | estuvieras llevando / estuvieses llevando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera llevando / estuviese llevando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos llevando / estuviésamos llevando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais llevando / estuvieseis llevando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera llevando / estuviese llevando |
| Vos | estuvieras llevando / estuvieses llevando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere llevando |
| Tú | estuvieres llevando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere llevando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos llevando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis llevando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere llevando |
| Vos | estuvieres llevando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos llevás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos llevaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos llevabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos llevarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos llevarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos lleves |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos llevaras / Vos llevase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos llevá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no lleves |
