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Llover is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to rain”.
Below are all of the conjugations for llover in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to rain |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | llover |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está lloviendo) and past continuous (estaba lloviendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. raining).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he llovido and hubiera llovido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have rained).
| Gerundio / Gerund | lloviendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | llovido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I rain” or “they rain”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lluevo |
| Tú | llueves |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llueve |
| Nosotros / as | llovemos |
| Vosotros / as | llovéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llueven |
| Vos |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I rained” or “she rained” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lloví | I rained |
| Tú | lloviste | You rained |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llovió | He / she / you rained |
| Nosotros / as | llovimos | We rained |
| Vosotros / as | llovisteis | You rained |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llovieron | They / you rained |
| Vos | lloviste | You rained |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was raining” or “she was raining” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llovía | I was raining |
| Tú | llovías | You were raining |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llovía | He was / she was / you were raining |
| Nosotros / as | llovíamos | We were raining |
| Vosotros / as | llovíais | You were raining |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llovían | They / you were raining |
| Vos | llovías | You were raining |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have rained” and “she has rained”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he llovido | I have rained |
| Tú | has llovido | You have rained |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha llovido | He has / she has / you have rained |
| Nosotros / as | hemos llovido | We have rained |
| Vosotros / as | habéis llovido | You have rained |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han llovido | They / you have rained |
| Vos | has llovido | You have rained |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would rain” or “she would rain”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | llovería | I would rain |
| Tú | lloverías | You would rain |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llovería | He / she / you would rain |
| Nosotros / as | lloveríamos | We would rain |
| Vosotros / as | lloveríais | You would rain |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lloverían | They / you would rain |
| Vos | lloverías | You would rain |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will rain” or “they will rain”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a llover” means “They are going to rain”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lloveré | I will rain |
| Tú | lloverás | You will rain |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lloverá | He / she / you will rain |
| Nosotros / as | lloveremos | We will rain |
| Vosotros / as | lloveréis | You will rain |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lloverán | They / you will rain |
| Vos | lloverás | You will rain |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | llueva |
| Tú | lluevas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llueva |
| Nosotros / as | llovamos |
| Vosotros / as | llováis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lluevan |
| Vos | lluevas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lloviera | lloviese |
| Tú | llovieras | lloviese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lloviera | lloviese |
| Nosotros / as | lloviéramos | lloviésemos |
| Vosotros / as | llovierais | llovieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llovieran | lloviesen |
| Vos | llovieras | lloviese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lloviere |
| Tú | llovieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lloviere |
| Nosotros / as | lloviéremos |
| Vosotros / as | lloviereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | llovieren |
| Vos | llovieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “rain!” and “don’t rain!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | llueve | no lluevas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | llueva | no llueva |
| Nosotros / as | llovamos | no llovamos |
| Vosotros / as | lloved | no llováis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lluevan | no lluevan |
| Vos | no lluevas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya llovido |
| Tú | hayas llovido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya llovido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos llovido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis llovido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan llovido |
| Vos | hayas llovido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera llovido / hubiese llovido |
| Tú | hubieras llovido / hubieses llovido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera llovido / hubiese llovido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos llovido / hubiésemos llovido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais llovido / hubieseis llovido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran llovido / hubiesen llovido |
| Vos | hubieras llovido / hubieses llovido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere llovido |
| Tú | hubieres llovido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere llovido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos llovido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis llovido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren llovido |
| Vos | hubieres llovido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté lloviendo |
| Tú | estés lloviendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté lloviendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos lloviendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis lloviendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén lloviendo |
| Vos | estés lloviendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera lloviendo / estuviese lloviendo |
| Tú | estuvieras lloviendo / estuvieses lloviendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera lloviendo / estuviese lloviendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos lloviendo / estuviésamos lloviendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais lloviendo / estuvieseis lloviendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera lloviendo / estuviese lloviendo |
| Vos | estuvieras lloviendo / estuvieses lloviendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere lloviendo |
| Tú | estuvieres lloviendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere lloviendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos lloviendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis lloviendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere lloviendo |
| Vos | estuvieres lloviendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos lloviste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos llovías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos lloverías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos lloverás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos lluevas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos llovieras / Vos lloviese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no lluevas |