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Lucir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to shine”.
Below are all of the conjugations for lucir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to shine |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | lucir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está luciendo) and past continuous (estaba luciendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. shining).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he lucido and hubiera lucido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have shined).
| Gerundio / Gerund | luciendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | lucido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I shine” or “they shine”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | luzo |
| Tú | luces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | luce |
| Nosotros / as | lucimos |
| Vosotros / as | lucís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lucen |
| Vos |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I shined” or “she shined” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lucí | I shined |
| Tú | luciste | You shined |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lució | He / she / you shined |
| Nosotros / as | lucimos | We shined |
| Vosotros / as | lucisteis | You shined |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lucieron | They / you shined |
| Vos | luciste | You shined |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was shining” or “she was shining” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lucía | I was shining |
| Tú | lucías | You were shining |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lucía | He was / she was / you were shining |
| Nosotros / as | lucíamos | We were shining |
| Vosotros / as | lucíais | You were shining |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lucían | They / you were shining |
| Vos | lucías | You were shining |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have shined” and “she has shined”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he lucido | I have shined |
| Tú | has lucido | You have shined |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha lucido | He has / she has / you have shined |
| Nosotros / as | hemos lucido | We have shined |
| Vosotros / as | habéis lucido | You have shined |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han lucido | They / you have shined |
| Vos | has lucido | You have shined |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would shine” or “she would shine”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | luciría | I would shine |
| Tú | lucirías | You would shine |
| Él / Ella / Usted | luciría | He / she / you would shine |
| Nosotros / as | luciríamos | We would shine |
| Vosotros / as | luciríais | You would shine |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lucirían | They / you would shine |
| Vos | lucirías | You would shine |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will shine” or “they will shine”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a lucir” means “They are going to shine”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | luciré | I will shine |
| Tú | lucirás | You will shine |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lucirá | He / she / you will shine |
| Nosotros / as | luciremos | We will shine |
| Vosotros / as | luciréis | You will shine |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lucirán | They / you will shine |
| Vos | lucirás | You will shine |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | luza |
| Tú | luzas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | luza |
| Nosotros / as | luzamos |
| Vosotros / as | luzáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | luzan |
| Vos | luzas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | luciera | luciese |
| Tú | lucieras | luciese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | luciera | luciese |
| Nosotros / as | luciéramos | luciésemos |
| Vosotros / as | lucierais | lucieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lucieran | luciesen |
| Vos | lucieras | luciese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | luciere |
| Tú | lucieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | luciera |
| Nosotros / as | luciéremos |
| Vosotros / as | luciereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lucieren |
| Vos | lucieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “shine!” and “don’t shine!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | luce | no luzas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | luza | no luza |
| Nosotros / as | luzamos | no luzamos |
| Vosotros / as | lucid | no luzáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | luzan | no luzan |
| Vos | no luzas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya lucido |
| Tú | hayas lucido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya lucido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos lucido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis lucido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan lucido |
| Vos | hayas lucido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera lucido / hubiese lucido |
| Tú | hubieras lucido / hubieses lucido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera lucido / hubiese lucido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos lucido / hubiésemos lucido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais lucido / hubieseis lucido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran lucido / hubiesen lucido |
| Vos | hubieras lucido / hubieses lucido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere lucido |
| Tú | hubieres lucido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere lucido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos lucido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis lucido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren lucido |
| Vos | hubieres lucido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté luciendo |
| Tú | estés luciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté luciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos luciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis luciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén luciendo |
| Vos | estés luciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera luciendo / estuviese luciendo |
| Tú | estuvieras luciendo / estuvieses luciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera luciendo / estuviese luciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos luciendo / estuviésamos luciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais luciendo / estuvieseis luciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera luciendo / estuviese luciendo |
| Vos | estuvieras luciendo / estuvieses luciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere luciendo |
| Tú | estuvieres luciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere luciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos luciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis luciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere luciendo |
| Vos | estuvieres luciendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos luciste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos lucías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos lucirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos lucirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos luzas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos lucieras / Vos luciese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no luzas |