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Lustrar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to polish”.
Below are all of the conjugations for lustrar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to polish |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | lustrar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está lustrando) and past continuous (estaba lustrando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. polishing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he lustrado and hubiera lustrado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have polished).
| Gerundio / Gerund | lustrando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | lustrado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I polish” or “they polish”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lustro |
| Tú | lustras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lustra |
| Nosotros / as | lustramos |
| Vosotros / as | lustráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lustran |
| Vos |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I polished” or “she polished” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lustré | I polished |
| Tú | lustraste | You polished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lustró | He / she / you polished |
| Nosotros / as | lustramos | We polished |
| Vosotros / as | lustrasteis | You polished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lustraron | They / you polished |
| Vos | lustraste | You polished |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was polishing” or “she was polishing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lustraba | I was polishing |
| Tú | lustrabas | You were polishing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lustraba | He was / she was / you were polishing |
| Nosotros / as | lustrábamos | We were polishing |
| Vosotros / as | lustrabais | You were polishing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lustraban | They / you were polishing |
| Vos | lustrabas | You were polishing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have polished” and “she has polished”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he lustrado | I have polished |
| Tú | has lustrado | You have polished |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha lustrado | He has / she has / you have polished |
| Nosotros / as | hemos lustrado | We have polished |
| Vosotros / as | habéis lustrado | You have polished |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han lustrado | They / you have polished |
| Vos | has lustrado | You have polished |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would polish” or “she would polish”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lustraría | I would polish |
| Tú | lustrarías | You would polish |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lustraría | He / she / you would polish |
| Nosotros / as | lustraríamos | We would polish |
| Vosotros / as | lustraríais | You would polish |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lustrarían | They / you would polish |
| Vos | lustrarías | You would polish |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will polish” or “they will polish”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a lustrar” means “They are going to polish”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lustraré | I will polish |
| Tú | lustrarás | You will polish |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lustrará | He / she / you will polish |
| Nosotros / as | lustraremos | We will polish |
| Vosotros / as | lustraréis | You will polish |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lustrarán | They / you will polish |
| Vos | lustrarás | You will polish |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lustre |
| Tú | lustres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lustre |
| Nosotros / as | lustremos |
| Vosotros / as | lustréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lustren |
| Vos | lustres |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | lustrara | lustrase |
| Tú | lustraras | lustrase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lustrara | lustrase |
| Nosotros / as | lustráramos | lustrásemos |
| Vosotros / as | lustrarais | lustraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lustraran | lustrasen |
| Vos | lustraras | lustrase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | lustrare |
| Tú | lustrares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lustrare |
| Nosotros / as | lustráremos |
| Vosotros / as | lustrareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lustraren |
| Vos | lustrares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “polish!” and “don’t polish!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | lustra | no lustres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | lustre | no lustre |
| Nosotros / as | lustremos | no lustremos |
| Vosotros / as | lustrad | no lustréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | lustren | no lustren |
| Vos | no lustres |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya lustrado |
| Tú | hayas lustrado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya lustrado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos lustrado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis lustrado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan lustrado |
| Vos | hayas lustrado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera lustrado / hubiese lustrado |
| Tú | hubieras lustrado / hubieses lustrado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera lustrado / hubiese lustrado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos lustrado / hubiésemos lustrado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais lustrado / hubieseis lustrado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran lustrado / hubiesen lustrado |
| Vos | hubieras lustrado / hubieses lustrado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere lustrado |
| Tú | hubieres lustrado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere lustrado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos lustrado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis lustrado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren lustrado |
| Vos | hubieres lustrado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté lustrando |
| Tú | estés lustrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté lustrando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos lustrando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis lustrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén lustrando |
| Vos | estés lustrando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera lustrando / estuviese lustrando |
| Tú | estuvieras lustrando / estuvieses lustrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera lustrando / estuviese lustrando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos lustrando / estuviésamos lustrando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais lustrando / estuvieseis lustrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera lustrando / estuviese lustrando |
| Vos | estuvieras lustrando / estuvieses lustrando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere lustrando |
| Tú | estuvieres lustrando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere lustrando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos lustrando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis lustrando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere lustrando |
| Vos | estuvieres lustrando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos lustraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos lustrabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos lustrarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos lustrarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos lustres |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos lustraras / Vos lustrase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no lustres |