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Mirar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to look”.
Below are all of the conjugations for mirar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to look |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | mirar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está mirando) and past continuous (estaba mirando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. looking).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he mirado and hubiera mirado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have looked).
| Gerundio / Gerund | mirando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | mirado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I look” or “they look”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | miro |
| Tú | miras |
| Él / Ella / Usted | mira |
| Nosotros / as | miramos |
| Vosotros / as | miráis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | miran |
| Vos | mirás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I looked” or “she looked” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | miré | I looked |
| Tú | miraste | You looked |
| Él / Ella / Usted | miró | He / she / you looked |
| Nosotros / as | miramos | We looked |
| Vosotros / as | mirasteis | You looked |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | miraron | They / you looked |
| Vos | miraste | You looked |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was looking” or “she was looking” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | miraba | I was looking |
| Tú | mirabas | You were looking |
| Él / Ella / Usted | miraba | He was / she was / you were looking |
| Nosotros / as | mirábamos | We were looking |
| Vosotros / as | mirabais | You were looking |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | miraban | They / you were looking |
| Vos | mirabas | You were looking |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have looked” and “she has looked”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he mirado | I have looked |
| Tú | has mirado | You have looked |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha mirado | He has / she has / you have looked |
| Nosotros / as | hemos mirado | We have looked |
| Vosotros / as | habéis mirado | You have looked |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han mirado | They / you have looked |
| Vos | has mirado | You have looked |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would look” or “she would look”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | miraría | I would look |
| Tú | mirarías | You would look |
| Él / Ella / Usted | miraría | He / she / you would look |
| Nosotros / as | miraríamos | We would look |
| Vosotros / as | miraríais | You would look |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | mirarían | They / you would look |
| Vos | mirarías | You would look |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will look” or “they will look”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a mirar” means “They are going to look”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | miraré | I will look |
| Tú | mirarás | You will look |
| Él / Ella / Usted | mirará | He / she / you will look |
| Nosotros / as | miraremos | We will look |
| Vosotros / as | miraréis | You will look |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | mirarán | They / you will look |
| Vos | mirarás | You will look |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | mire |
| Tú | mires |
| Él / Ella / Usted | mire |
| Nosotros / as | miremos |
| Vosotros / as | miréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | miren |
| Vos | mires |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | mirara | mirase |
| Tú | miraras | mirase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | mirara | mirase |
| Nosotros / as | miráramos | mirásemos |
| Vosotros / as | mirarais | miraseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | miraran | mirasen |
| Vos | miraras | mirase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | mirare |
| Tú | mirares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | mirare |
| Nosotros / as | miráremos |
| Vosotros / as | mirareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | miraren |
| Vos | mirares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “look!” and “don’t look!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | mira | no mires |
| Él / Ella / Usted | mire | no mire |
| Nosotros / as | miremos | no miremos |
| Vosotros / as | mirad | no miréis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | miren | no miren |
| Vos | mirá | no mires |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya mirado |
| Tú | hayas mirado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya mirado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos mirado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis mirado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan mirado |
| Vos | hayas mirado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera mirado / hubiese mirado |
| Tú | hubieras mirado / hubieses mirado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera mirado / hubiese mirado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos mirado / hubiésemos mirado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais mirado / hubieseis mirado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran mirado / hubiesen mirado |
| Vos | hubieras mirado / hubieses mirado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere mirado |
| Tú | hubieres mirado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere mirado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos mirado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis mirado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren mirado |
| Vos | hubieres mirado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté mirando |
| Tú | estés mirando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté mirando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos mirando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis mirando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén mirando |
| Vos | estés mirando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera mirando / estuviese mirando |
| Tú | estuvieras mirando / estuvieses mirando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera mirando / estuviese mirando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos mirando / estuviésamos mirando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais mirando / estuvieseis mirando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera mirando / estuviese mirando |
| Vos | estuvieras mirando / estuvieses mirando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere mirando |
| Tú | estuvieres mirando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere mirando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos mirando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis mirando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere mirando |
| Vos | estuvieres mirando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos mirás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos miraste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos mirabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos mirarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos mirarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos mires |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos miraras / Vos mirase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos mirá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no mires |
