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Sacar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to take out / to remove”.
Below are all of the conjugations for sacar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to take out / to remove |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | sacar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está sacando) and past continuous (estaba sacando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. removing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he sacado and hubiera sacado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have removed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | sacando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | sacado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I remove” or “they remove”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | saco |
| Tú | sacas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | saca |
| Nosotros / as | sacamos |
| Vosotros / as | sacáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | sacan |
| Vos | sacás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I removed” or “she removed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | saqué | I removed |
| Tú | sacaste | You removed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | sacó | He / she / you removed |
| Nosotros / as | sacamos | We removed |
| Vosotros / as | sacasteis | You removed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | sacaron | They / you removed |
| Vos | sacaste | You removed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was removing” or “she was removing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | sacaba | I was removing |
| Tú | sacabas | You were removing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | sacaba | He was / she was / you were removing |
| Nosotros / as | sacábamos | We were removing |
| Vosotros / as | sacabais | You were removing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | sacaban | They / you were removing |
| Vos | sacabas | You were removing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have removed” and “she has removed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he sacado | I have removed |
| Tú | has sacado | You have removed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha sacado | He has / she has / you have removed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos sacado | We have removed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis sacado | You have removed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han sacado | They / you have removed |
| Vos | has sacado | You have removed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would remove” or “she would remove”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | sacaría | I would remove |
| Tú | sacarías | You would remove |
| Él / Ella / Usted | sacaría | He / she / you would remove |
| Nosotros / as | sacaríamos | We would remove |
| Vosotros / as | sacaríais | You would remove |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | sacarían | They / you would remove |
| Vos | sacarías | You would remove |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will remove” or “they will remove”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a sacar” means “They are going to remove”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | sacaré | I will remove |
| Tú | sacarás | You will remove |
| Él / Ella / Usted | sacará | He / she / you will remove |
| Nosotros / as | sacaremos | We will remove |
| Vosotros / as | sacaréis | You will remove |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | sacarán | They / you will remove |
| Vos | sacarás | You will remove |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | saque |
| Tú | saques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | saque |
| Nosotros / as | saquemos |
| Vosotros / as | saquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | saquen |
| Vos | saques |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | sacara | sacase |
| Tú | sacaras | sacase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | sacara | sacase |
| Nosotros / as | sacáramos | sacásemos |
| Vosotros / as | sacarais | sacaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | sacaran | sacasen |
| Vos | sacaras | sacase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | sacare |
| Tú | sacares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | sacare |
| Nosotros / as | sacáremos |
| Vosotros / as | sacareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | sacaren |
| Vos | sacares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “remove!” and “don’t remove!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | saca | no saques |
| Él / Ella / Usted | saque | no saque |
| Nosotros / as | saquemos | no saquemos |
| Vosotros / as | sacad | no saquéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | saquen | no saquen |
| Vos | sacá | no saques |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya sacado |
| Tú | hayas sacado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya sacado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos sacado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis sacado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan sacado |
| Vos | hayas sacado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera sacado / hubiese sacado |
| Tú | hubieras sacado / hubieses sacado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera sacado / hubiese sacado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos sacado / hubiésemos sacado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais sacado / hubieseis sacado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran sacado / hubiesen sacado |
| Vos | hubieras sacado / hubieses sacado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere sacado |
| Tú | hubieres sacado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere sacado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos sacado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis sacado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren sacado |
| Vos | hubieres sacado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté sacando |
| Tú | estés sacando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté sacando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos sacando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis sacando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén sacando |
| Vos | estés sacando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera sacando / estuviese sacando |
| Tú | estuvieras sacando / estuvieses sacando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera sacando / estuviese sacando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos sacando / estuviésamos sacando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais sacando / estuvieseis sacando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera sacando / estuviese sacando |
| Vos | estuvieras sacando / estuvieses sacando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere sacando |
| Tú | estuvieres sacando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere sacando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos sacando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis sacando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere sacando |
| Vos | estuvieres sacando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos sacás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos sacaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos sacabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos sacarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos sacarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos saques |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos sacaras / Vos sacase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos sacá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no saques |
