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Suponer is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to suppose / to imagine”.
Below are all of the conjugations for suponer in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to suppose / to imagine |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | suponer |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está suponiendo) and past continuous (estaba suponiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. imagining).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he supuesto and hubiera supuesto. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have imagined).
| Gerundio / Gerund | suponiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | supuesto |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I imagine” or “they imagine”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | supongo |
| Tú | supones |
| Él / Ella / Usted | supone |
| Nosotros / as | suponemos |
| Vosotros / as | suponéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | suponen |
| Vos | suponés |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I imagined” or “she imagined” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | supuse | I imagined |
| Tú | supusiste | You imagined |
| Él / Ella / Usted | supuso | He / she / you imagined |
| Nosotros / as | supusimos | We imagined |
| Vosotros / as | supusisteis | You imagined |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | supusieron | They / you imagined |
| Vos | supusiste | You imagined |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was imagining” or “she was imagining” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | suponía | I was imagining |
| Tú | suponías | You were imagining |
| Él / Ella / Usted | suponía | He was / she was / you were imagining |
| Nosotros / as | suponíamos | We were imagining |
| Vosotros / as | suponíais | You were imagining |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | suponían | They / you were imagining |
| Vos | suponías | You were imagining |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have imagined” and “she has imagined”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he supuesto | I have imagined |
| Tú | has supuesto | You have imagined |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha supuesto | He has / she has / you have imagined |
| Nosotros / as | hemos supuesto | We have imagined |
| Vosotros / as | habéis supuesto | You have imagined |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han supuesto | They / you have imagined |
| Vos | has supuesto | You have imagined |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would imagine” or “she would imagine”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | supondría | I would imagine |
| Tú | supondrías | You would imagine |
| Él / Ella / Usted | supondría | He / she / you would imagine |
| Nosotros / as | supondríamos | We would imagine |
| Vosotros / as | supondríais | You would imagine |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | supondrían | They / you would imagine |
| Vos | supondrías | You would imagine |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will imagine” or “they will imagine”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a suponer” means “They are going to imagine”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | supondré | I will imagine |
| Tú | supondrás | You will imagine |
| Él / Ella / Usted | supondrá | He / she / you will imagine |
| Nosotros / as | supondremos | We will imagine |
| Vosotros / as | supondréis | You will imagine |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | supondrán | They / you will imagine |
| Vos | supondrás | You will imagine |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | suponga |
| Tú | supongas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | suponga |
| Nosotros / as | supongamos |
| Vosotros / as | supongáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | supongan |
| Vos | supongas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | supusiera | supusiese |
| Tú | supusieras | supusiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | supusiera | supusiese |
| Nosotros / as | supusiéramos | supusiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | supusierais | supusieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | supusieran | supusiesen |
| Vos | supusieras | supusiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | supusiere |
| Tú | supusieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | supusiere |
| Nosotros / as | supusiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | supusiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | supusieren |
| Vos | supusieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “imagine!” and “don’t imagine!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | supón | no supongas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | suponga | no suponga |
| Nosotros / as | supongamos | no supongamos |
| Vosotros / as | suponed | no supongáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | supongan | no supongan |
| Vos | suponé | no supongas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya supuesto |
| Tú | hayas supuesto |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya supuesto |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos supuesto |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis supuesto |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan supuesto |
| Vos | hayas supuesto |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera supuesto / hubiese supuesto |
| Tú | hubieras supuesto / hubieses supuesto |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera supuesto / hubiese supuesto |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos supuesto / hubiésemos supuesto |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais supuesto / hubieseis supuesto |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran supuesto / hubiesen supuesto |
| Vos | hubieras supuesto / hubieses supuesto |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere supuesto |
| Tú | hubieres supuesto |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere supuesto |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos supuesto |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis supuesto |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren supuesto |
| Vos | hubieres supuesto |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté suponiendo |
| Tú | estés suponiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté suponiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos suponiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis suponiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén suponiendo |
| Vos | estés suponiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera suponiendo / estuviese suponiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras suponiendo / estuvieses suponiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera suponiendo / estuviese suponiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos suponiendo / estuviésamos suponiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais suponiendo / estuvieseis suponiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera suponiendo / estuviese suponiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras suponiendo / estuvieses suponiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere suponiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres suponiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere suponiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos suponiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis suponiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere suponiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres suponiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos suponés |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos supusiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos suponías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos supondrías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos supondrás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos supongas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos supusieras / Vos supusiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos suponé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no supongas |
