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Venir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to come”.
Below are all of the conjugations for venir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to come |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | venir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está viniendo) and past continuous (estaba viniendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. coming).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he venido and hubiera venido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have come).
| Gerundio / Gerund | viniendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | venido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I come” or “they come”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | vengo |
| Tú | vienes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | viene |
| Nosotros / as | venimos |
| Vosotros / as | venís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vienen |
| Vos | venís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I came” or “she came” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | vine | I came |
| Tú | viniste | You came |
| Él / Ella / Usted | vino | He / she / you came |
| Nosotros / as | vinimos | We came |
| Vosotros / as | vinisteis | You came |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vinieron | They / you came |
| Vos | viniste | You came |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was coming” or “she was coming” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | venía | I was coming |
| Tú | venías | You were coming |
| Él / Ella / Usted | venía | He was / she was / you were coming |
| Nosotros / as | veníamos | We were coming |
| Vosotros / as | veníais | You were coming |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | venían | They / you were coming |
| Vos | venías | You were coming |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have come” and “she has come”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he venido | I have come |
| Tú | has venido | You have come |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha venido | He has / she has / you have come |
| Nosotros / as | hemos venido | We have come |
| Vosotros / as | habéis venido | You have come |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han venido | They / you have come |
| Vos | has venido | You have come |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would come” or “she would come”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | vendría | I would come |
| Tú | vendrías | You would come |
| Él / Ella / Usted | vendría | He / she / you would come |
| Nosotros / as | vendríamos | We would come |
| Vosotros / as | vendríais | You would come |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vendrían | They / you would come |
| Vos | vendrías | You would come |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will come” or “they will come”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a venir” means “They are going to come”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | vendré | I will come |
| Tú | vendrás | You will come |
| Él / Ella / Usted | vendrá | He / she / you will come |
| Nosotros / as | vendremos | We will come |
| Vosotros / as | vendréis | You will come |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vendrán | They / you will come |
| Vos | vendrás | You will come |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | venga |
| Tú | vengas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | venga |
| Nosotros / as | vengamos |
| Vosotros / as | vengáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vengan |
| Vos | vengas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | viniera | viniese |
| Tú | vinieras | viniese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | viniera | viniese |
| Nosotros / as | viniéramos | viniésemos |
| Vosotros / as | vinierais | vinieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vinieran | viniesen |
| Vos | vinieras | viniese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | viniere |
| Tú | vinieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | viniera |
| Nosotros / as | viniéremos |
| Vosotros / as | viniereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vinieren |
| Vos | vinieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “come!” and “don’t come!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | ven | no vengas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | venga | no venga |
| Nosotros / as | vengamos | no vengamos |
| Vosotros / as | venid | no vengáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vengan | no vengan |
| Vos | vení | no vengas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya venido |
| Tú | hayas venido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya venido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos venido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis venido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan venido |
| Vos | hayas venido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera venido / hubiese venido |
| Tú | hubieras venido / hubieses venido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera venido / hubiese venido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos venido / hubiésemos venido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais venido / hubieseis venido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran venido / hubiesen venido |
| Vos | hubieras venido / hubieses venido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere venido |
| Tú | hubieres venido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere venido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos venido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis venido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren venido |
| Vos | hubieres venido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté viniendo |
| Tú | estés viniendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté viniendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos viniendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis viniendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén viniendo |
| Vos | estés viniendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera viniendo / estuviese viniendo |
| Tú | estuvieras viniendo / estuvieses viniendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera viniendo / estuviese viniendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos viniendo / estuviésamos viniendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais viniendo / estuvieseis viniendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera viniendo / estuviese viniendo |
| Vos | estuvieras viniendo / estuvieses viniendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere viniendo |
| Tú | estuvieres viniendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere viniendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos viniendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis viniendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere viniendo |
| Vos | estuvieres viniendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos venís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos viniste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos venías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos vendrías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos vendrás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos vengas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos vinieras / Vos viniese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos vení |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no vengas |
