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Ver is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to see”.
Below are all of the conjugations for ver in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to see |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | ver |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está viendo) and past continuous (estaba viendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. seeing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he visto and hubiera visto. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have seen).
| Gerundio / Gerund | viendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | visto |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I see” or “they see”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | veo |
| Tú | ves |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ve |
| Nosotros / as | vemos |
| Vosotros / as | véis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | ven |
| Vos | ves |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I saw” or “she saw” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | vi | I saw |
| Tú | viste | You saw |
| Él / Ella / Usted | vio | He / she / you saw |
| Nosotros / as | vimos | We saw |
| Vosotros / as | visteis | You saw |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vieron | They / you saw |
| Vos | viste | You saw |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was seeing” or “she was seeing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | veía | I was seeing |
| Tú | veías | You were seeing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | veía | He was / she was / you were seeing |
| Nosotros / as | veíamos | We were seeing |
| Vosotros / as | veíais | You were seeing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | veían | They / you were seeing |
| Vos | veías | You were seeing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have seen” and “she has seen”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he visto | I have seen |
| Tú | has visto | You have seen |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha visto | He has / she has / you have seen |
| Nosotros / as | hemos visto | We have seen |
| Vosotros / as | habéis visto | You have seen |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han visto | They / you have seen |
| Vos | has visto | You have seen |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would see” or “she would see”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | vería | I would see |
| Tú | verías | You would see |
| Él / Ella / Usted | vería | He / she / you would see |
| Nosotros / as | veríamos | We would see |
| Vosotros / as | veríais | You would see |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | verían | They / you would see |
| Vos | verías | You would see |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will see” or “they will see”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a ver” means “They are going to see”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | veré | I will see |
| Tú | verás | You will see |
| Él / Ella / Usted | verá | He / she / you will see |
| Nosotros / as | veremos | We will see |
| Vosotros / as | veréis | You will see |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | verán | They / you will see |
| Vos | verás | You will see |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | vea |
| Tú | veas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | vea |
| Nosotros / as | veamos |
| Vosotros / as | veáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vean |
| Vos | veas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | viera | viese |
| Tú | vieras | viese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | viera | viese |
| Nosotros / as | viéramos | viésemos |
| Vosotros / as | vierais | vieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vieran | viesen |
| Vos | vieras | viese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | viere |
| Tú | vieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | viere |
| Nosotros / as | viéremos |
| Vosotros / as | viereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vieren |
| Vos | vieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “see!” and “don’t see!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | ve | no veas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | vea | no vea |
| Nosotros / as | veamos | no veamos |
| Vosotros / as | ved | no veáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | vean | no vean |
| Vos | veé | no veas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya visto |
| Tú | hayas visto |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya visto |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos visto |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis visto |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan visto |
| Vos | hayas visto |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera visto / hubiese visto |
| Tú | hubieras visto / hubieses visto |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera visto / hubiese visto |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos visto / hubiésemos visto |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais visto / hubieseis visto |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran visto / hubiesen visto |
| Vos | hubieras visto / hubieses visto |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere visto |
| Tú | hubieres visto |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere visto |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos visto |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis visto |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren visto |
| Vos | hubieres visto |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté viendo |
| Tú | estés viendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté viendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos viendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis viendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén viendo |
| Vos | estés viendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera viendo / estuviese viendo |
| Tú | estuvieras viendo / estuvieses viendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera viendo / estuviese viendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos viendo / estuviésamos viendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais viendo / estuvieseis viendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera viendo / estuviese viendo |
| Vos | estuvieras viendo / estuvieses viendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere viendo |
| Tú | estuvieres viendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere viendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos viendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis viendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere viendo |
| Vos | estuvieres viendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos ves |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos viste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos veías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos verías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos verás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos veas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos vieras / Vos viese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos veé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no veas |
